Black Psychology Essay

Abstract: This is an autobiographical essay where I briefly analyzes and interpret significant and impactful events that has transpired over my last 20 years in my life from school to my community in Portland, Oregon. The objective of this essay is to connect concepts and the course objectives related to Black Psychology which I enrolled in at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) spring 2009 term. The outline for this essay is in a chronological age order starting from my birth in 1988 till my current experience at FAMU. The book that is mainly referenced in this essay is the Kobi K. Kambon textbook African/ Black Psychology in American Context: An African Centered Approach along with Joseph Baldwin’s class lectures that I attended. Divided Among two Different Views of the World: But this is my Story The idea that a black person is from Portland, Oregon seems to be shocking information for certain African-Americans. Once I introduce myself to new friends and professors who never traveled to Portland or were never informed that â€Å"Black people† live in Oregon. Many are intrigued by this information and have a quest to know more. So to answer that question, yes there are blacks who live in Oregon. I am a product of Oregon I, Michelle Williams, was born and raised in the urban community in Portland amongst other African-Americans. One may assume that I had a difficult time growing up in Oregon. Experiencing discrimination, racism, or identity crisis; however, my six siblings and I never did. Although, I did not experience those types of issues, I understood that in Portland, the Black race was the minority and Europeans were the majority in the race factor. In addition, do not assume that my family lineage only lines in Oregon, on both sides of my family southern roots run deep. Therefore, southern traditions, values, morals, beliefs, and customs were inbreeded into my up brings. Without questions, I am an African-American woman from Portland, Oregon; however, my geographic region does not define my blackness, nor does it determine if I am capable of experiencing hardships like my fellow peers who were raised in Southern states. In my early childhood, I resided with my maternal grandmother due to my parent’s abuse to their environment and the use of narcotics. However, my time spent with my grandmother was not in vein, yet filled with years of observing and learning how to uphold traditional southern values, which the modern world of psychology considers the â€Å"African/ Black Worldviews†. In the book, African/ Black Psychology in the American context: An African- Centered Approach Kobi K. Kambon explains the difference between the African/ Black and European Worldviews. The four components that compose the worldviews are: cosmology, ontology, axiology, and epistemology (Kambon, 1998) In the African/ African-American worldviews one are taught to believe in oneness/ harmony with nature, survival of the group, sameness; whereas the European Worldview have the notion of survival of the fittest, competiveness, independence, and uniqueness (being different). In my middle childhood my parents redirected their life, and my mother returned to college and obtained her bachelors and masters in Psychology with a minor in Black Studies at Portland State University. While in school she begun to incorporate her findings into her parenting. Although, my mother and I were led by Eurocentric teachings, my family and our surroundings reinforced the black/African-American Worldviews in the household. I recall myself adapting to the ideologies and beliefs of those who were not within my own indigenous cultural group. Kambon defines this experience as a black child who has been influenced by Eurocentric teachings resulting in â€Å"Abnormal Unnatural Circumstances†. The child has accepted and identified him or herself as a member of a â€Å"group that is not indigenous cultural reality (Kambon, 1998). I was able to bounce back to the normal-nature circumstances, with the help of my Black community friends, and family through our morals and beliefs. I had to stay true to my own cultural reality and not be amongst those who are â€Å"cultural mis-identified†. An example of how I demonstrated abnormal unnatural circumstances was when I accepted the European philosophies and allowed the whites to dictate and define what was appropriate or correct based off their standards and views on life. By this I allowed the notion that white Barbie dolls are better, rather than the Black China Doll my grandmother purchased for Christmas one year. While in middle school, which is considered my late or pre-adolescence years, I was offered acceptance into the Talent and Gift also known as the TAG program. The TAG programs honors and congratulates students â€Å"who demonstrated outstanding abilities or potentials in areas of general intellectual ability or specific ability aptitude† (Davenport Community School Website). After discovering the truth in the Black Psychology course, I have come to the understanding that this particular program has several flaws that discriminates against the Black race. The black students who excel above the standards set for Blacks are called â€Å"Talented or Gifted†. In chapter eight it stated that â€Å"there was some Blacks who scored as high as Whites on Standard tests of so-called intelligence (i.e research on Black â€Å"gifted† children)† (Kambon, 1998). The foundation of the Tag program continues and supports â€Å"White Supremacy†. The definition the European psychologist use to define intelligence which were examined on Caucasians only was: â€Å"(a) the repertoire of intellectual/cognitive skills and knowledge available to a person at any one period of time, or (b) the aggregate of global capacity of the individual to act purposely, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his/her environment† (Kambon,1998). The names of a couple of exams that exemplified that one was intelligent were: The Alfred Binet and the Binet Test, also known as Intelligence Quotient/ IQ, Charles Spearman with the GS Factor test, and a few others (Kambon, 1998). Robert L. Williams the second National Chairman/ President of American of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) (Kambon, 1998), developed a â€Å"Black â€Å"cultural specific† intelligence test which demonstrated that Blacks could perform superiority to Whites on such a Black cultural based test. The test was called Black Intelligence Test for Cultural Homogeneity† formally known as â€Å"BITCH’. His intelligence test showcased that African-American students were out performing whites by 30 to 50 points (Kambon, 1998). In relations to my acceptance to the TAG program I felt a sense of being privileged, superior, and connected to the white race in some sense. I belittled my peers who the Europeans and the test scored them as being underachievers. Through my actions I had continued on the European worldviews. The people see the good that the TAG program promotes; however, there are down sides and negative characteristics of being called a â€Å"Talented or Gifted† child. In my early adolescence years, I was considered at times a student who could be insubordinate, disrespectful, and disruptive in class. However, my actions were to challenge an question my teacher’s philosophy about Western History, colonization in Africa, slavery, and anything that focused on the Black race. Now looking back on what transpired in high school I was trying to discover the truth regarding my peoples. I tried to unravel the mess that the Europeans, Western historians, philosophers, and psychologist created. Removing the blind folds that had been placed over my eyes through the European teachings; I was tired of receiving the edited, shorten, and beautified story the teachers and academic curriculum spoon-feed me every year during the one month Blacks are allowed to celebrate their history (February). I have come to accept that knowledge is key and discovered like John Henrik Clarke that, â€Å"African History/ Negro History are the missing pages of World History† (John Henrik Clarke, 1996). In chapter three of Kambon books, he explains this idea of cultural reality and worldviews construct, and how â€Å"ones thoughts beliefs, values and actions are not uniquely our own, distinct and separate from those of others, particularly other individuals† (Kambon, 119). In today’s society we accept as true that European’s set the standards or dictated/ guide one to believe that their ways of living and doing things are how things ought to be done; continues white supremacy. I am now in my third year at FAMU as a nursing major interested in psychology, following sibling’s footsteps of attending a Historical Black University. My journey in the Black Psychology has taught me new things about my personality and where I come from. In my opinion Oregon is a diverse and complex state. I had adopted and balanced the different worldviews. From my secondary education I have come to a new found knowledge about this Black Psychology and it’s striving for perfection in the Black communities. I have come to understand that my people are from the Southern or African Cradle, which developed before the Northern or European Cradle a model Diop (Kambon, 1998). I am from the lineage of infamous Pharaoh’s and Queens such as Narmar, Pharaoh and Queen who whore the red and white crown Hatshepsut (Abarry, 1996). For years information has been hidden and sheltered from my peers and I. Not only from the African descendents in Oregon, but from all of the descendents of Africa has that populated the 50 states in America. I have learned that I am a descendant of great Queens and Kings and African’s who were educated, governed themselves, ran a successful economy that was developed in many aspects before the 1500’s when Europeans arrived. Ancient Kemit (KMT) and the Ma’at which is the foundation in which the KMT people lived by (Abarry, 1996). I have grown accustomed to both Western and this new psychology called â€Å"Black Psychology†. I am able to observe and fully understand and acknowledge the course objectives in Black Psychology because I have been in the ream of both worlds. My parents were educated and products of the early 60’s; where there was a large movement on civil rights and black psychologist making a change for the black community. Such as the Pan-African Cultural nationalism movement group who where â€Å"Black Psychologist who advocate that race and culture are the foundation of African self-identity and psychological well being† (Kambon, 1998). Black psychology has made tremendous accomplishments; they have challenged the ideals and ideologies of Western Psychology. Rather than being the blinded test mice used in Western Psychology, Black psychologist has made a mark in Psychology. There has been a creation of Psychology geared to the Blacks. They have developed an impressive editorial journal that comes out quarterly called The Journal of Black Psychology which has been around for about 35 years (Kambon, 1996). The members of the Association of Black Psychologist have overcome many obstacles that have been presented in front of them, and will continue to do so for following years to come (Kamon, 1998). I find that my mind was once held captive in a sense, before I entered college under Eurocentric teachings. I upheld the ideas of Eurocentric teachings, yet the status quo has changed; in favor for the Black Race, and my cognitive for that matter. In today’s society black children are taught by a Eurocentric teaching, where there is a mis-education which manifests itself in the Eurocentric conceptual incarceration (Kambon, 1998). The portrait the European psychologists painted through their views and studies of the black race, personality, mental health, and behavioral problems have not reflected the Black people in anyway. On the contrary it has caused a separation between blacks. Those who believed in changing the psychology world for the black race have succeeded at founding its place and did not allow the standards set by Western Psychology to be the foundation for Black Psychology (Kambon, 1996). Today the black’s can see the ‘great depth of the Eurocentric cultural incarceration that encapsulates African intellectual consciousness and scholarship. † (Kambon,1998). Which has caused a developmental problem of the knowledge of the African/ black race. From the motivation of Francis Cecil Sumner, Herman G. Canady, Robert L. Williams, Marcus Gravey, Nat Turners, W. E. B Dubois, Frances Cress Welsing, and the thousands of members of the Association of Black Psychology, there is a psychology that focuses on the black community which is not defined by the Western Psychology standards. It is up to students like me to utilize the essential tools from courses like Black Psychology, and turn a deaf ear to the myths and misleading information that the Western Psychology once succeeded at incarcerating. This was my experience from growing up in Portland, Oregon and making a much need journey to Florida A&M University which landed me a seat in Dr. Joseph Baldwin course Black Psychology. References Abarry, S. , Asante, M. ,(1996). African intellectual Heritiage. Philadelphia, PA: Temple Press A Great and Might Walk. Dir. St. Claire Bourne. Perf. Wesley Snipes John Henrik Clarke. 1996. Bourne, C. [Westley Snipes] (1996): Los Angles Davenport Community School Website. (1998, Aug). Retrieved Mar. 09, 2009, from http://www. davenport. k12. ia. us/curriculum/gifted. asp Kambon, K. (1998). African/ black psychology in the american context: an african- centered approach. Tallahassee, Fl: Nubian Nation Publication.

Like the Molave

MILITARY AIRCRAFT A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft that is operated by a legal or insurrectionary armed service of any type Military aircraft can be either combat or non-combat: Combat aircraft are aircraft designed to destroy enemy equipment using their own armament. Combat aircraft are normally developed and procured only by military forces. Non-combat aircraft are aircraft not designed for combat as their primary function, but may carry weapons for self-defense. These mainly operate in support roles, and may be developed by either military forces or civilian organizations. To control and maneuver the aircraft, smaller wings are located at the tail of the plane. The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece, called the horizontal stabilizer, and a fixed vertical piece, called the vertical stabilizer. The stabilizers' job is to provide stability for the aircraft, to keep it flying straight. The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, which is called yaw. The horizontal stabilizer prevents an up-and-down motion of the nose, which is called pitch. (On the Wright brother's first aircraft, the horizontal stabilizer was placed in front of the wings. Such a configuration is called a canard after the French word for â€Å"duck†). The first aircraft flight was made by the Wright Brothers I 1903, it lasted only 12 seconds and covered 120 feet (37 meters) but it proven that a man could build and fly a heavier-than-air machine. In 1909, the first military aircraft in history was delivered to the Signal Corpse. This aircraft, like the original Wright Brothers’ flying machine, was a pusher-type design (its engine was behind the pilot and in front of the propellers) with a 30 horsepower engine, skids for landing, and room enough for a two man crew. By the end of the 1914, pusher-type aircraft had been condemned in favor of the tractor type design, in which the engine was mounted in the front of the pilot and behind the propeller. After that may changes were made in an effort to gain a bit more speed. Combat aircraft (warplanes) divide broadly into fighters and bombers. There are several variations between the fighter and the bomber, including fighter-bombers, such as the MiG-23, ground-attack aircraft, such as the Soviet Ilyushin Il-2 Shturmovik. Also included among combat aircraft are long-range maritime patrol aircraft, such as the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod and the S-3 Viking that are often equipped to attack with anti-ship missiles and anti-submarine weapons. The main role of fighters is destroying enemy aircraft in air-to-air combat, offensive or defensive. Many are fast and highly maneuverable. Escorting bombers or other aircraft is also a common task. They are capable of carrying a variety of weapons, including machine guns, cannons, rockets and guided missiles. Many modern fighters can attack enemy fighters from a great distance, before the enemy even sees them. Examples of air superiority fighters include the F-22 Raptor and the MiG-29. WWII fighters include the Spitfire, the P-51 Mustang and Bf 109. An example of an interceptor (a fighter designed to take-off and quickly intercept and shoot down enemy planes) would be the MiG-25. An example of a heavy fighter is the Messerschmitt Bf 110. The term â€Å"fighter† is also sometimes applied to aircraft that have virtually no air-air capability – for example the A-10 ground-attack aircraft is operated by USAF â€Å"Fighter† squadrons. Bombers are normally larger, heavier, and less maneuverable than fighter aircraft. They are capable of carrying large payloads of bombs. Bombers are used almost exclusively for ground attacks and not fast or agile enough to take on enemy fighters head-to-head. A few have a single engine and require one pilot to operate and others have two or more engines and require crews of two or more. A limited number of bombers, such as the B-2 Spirit, have stealth capabilities that keep them from being detected by enemy radar. An example of a conventional modern bomber would be the B-52 Stratofortress. An example of a WWII bomber would be a B-17 Flying Fortress. Bombers include light bombers, medium bombers, heavy bombers, dive bombers, and torpedo bombers. The U. S. Navy and Marines have traditionally referred to their light and medium bombers as â€Å"attack aircraft†. Air force missions require short-, medium-, and long range transports. The C-130 Hercules can haul up to 36,500 pounds (16,500 kg) of cargo, be readily converted into an ambulance, or be modified for special duty such as high altitude mapping, weather reconnaissance, search and rescue, flight refueling, ferrying fuel to advance bases, and ski operations in arctic regions. Military transport (logistics) aircraft are primarily used to transport troops and war supplies. Cargo can be attached to pallets, which are easily loaded, secured for flight, and quickly unloaded for delivery. Cargo also may be discharged from flying aircraft on parachutes, eliminating he need for landing. Including aerial tankers; these planes can refuel other aircraft while in flight. An example of a transport aircraft is the C-17 Globemaster III. A WWII example would be the C-47. An example of a tanker craft would be the KC-135 Stratotanker. Helicopters and gliders can transport troops and supplies to areas where other aircraft would be unable to land. Calling a military aircraft a â€Å"cargo plane† is incorrect, because military transport planes also carry paratroopers and other soldiers. Helicopters deserve special mention as military aircraft. They are unexcelled for rescue work and for delivery of people and material to otherwise inaccessible areas. Some helicopters are armed and serve as attack aircraft, providing gun and rocket fire against ground targets. Other helicopters deliver assault troops to advanced combat areas and supply them with ammunition and other needs. Special-purpose research aircraft are occasionally designed, assembled, and tested in order to experiment with advanced aerodynamic, structural, avionic, or propulsion concepts that must be validated before they can be applied to other aircraft designs. Research aircraft are usually well instrumented, with performance data telemetered on radio-frequency data links to ground stations located at the test ranges where they are flown. Several countries are developing vertical takeoff and landing. Experimental techniques include the use of wings that can tilt 90 degrees from the horizontal to vertical or any position in between, engines that tilt while attached to fixed wings, helicopter blades that can be folded and stowed while the aircraft is in forward conventional flight, buried jet engines whose exhaust can be directed downward of from the rear, and combination of all of these. As of now the high cost of developing new military aircraft has resulted in cooperative efforts among the various European NATO countries. Teams of designers from several countries have worked together to develop and build aircraft to be used by the armed services of all NATO partners.

Ethics Case Study Henry’s Daughters Essay

First question: The movie â€Å"Henry’s daughters† reflects a big amount of ethical issues at individual and societal level. Sorted by importance and the impacting level, the following list shows the highlighted ethical issues based on my perception. 1. The selfish perception of benefits that Henry had. Such selfish that even his family would be affected. If his daughters cannot trust him, how his employees will? 2. The Invasion of privacy. There are issues existing with gathering private data about individuals using the technology. For instance: cameras in the offices. 3. The fact that some work done by Julie for OUTOCAR was used without giving her credit. 4. The negative daring from Julie’s co-worker. This intentional and disrespectful interaction with sexual intentions or the sexist jokes throughout the movie should not be tolerated. 5. The influence of political and social factors when taking a decision that should be based on technical and engineering aspects. 6. Commented issues between family and friends that might be confidential. For example: Laura and Julie are housemates, where they do not avoid talking about the project. The problem appears when both discussed proprietary information of the company. 7. The unhealthy competition of three family members at their professional areas. Bad business, at the end the movie shows that there is more to lose when we involved family in such unethical way. Second question: Engineers are responsible for creating the everyday tools that everyone uses. Because engineers create the tools that people use, of course there needs to be an ethical code which every engineer must respect and follow. The film (Henry’s Daughters) takes a peek into many of the ethical issues raised by engineers. However, all of them might be solved by the proper moral propositions. Some ideas are in establishing: the proper environment, ethics as a priority when adding new employees, and fair incentives. The culture of  the company should adopt an open work environment, happy and fair to all employees. Therefore, the actions of the company must be oriented towards the welfare and morale. The culture should take into account the goals and objectives of the company, but the monetary targets should be the only ones highlighted. Nevertheless, the key is always keeping happiness and productivity together. New people, ideas, and strategies can lead to behavioral and performance c hanges in order to mold new ways of thinking and culture changes. To be more specific, the company’s culture can improve by rotating managers with different views of competitive conditions or operations. It is a way to supply different, needed skills or capabilities from the outside. It is also important to add, for old and new employees, evocative company’s purpose. This is to provide an address to stimulate employees’ learning, and so, they have something they believe in beyond just a â€Å"job.† Also it is vital to provide encouragement and praise to those employees that show progress in any project. Incentives affect behavior and performance and attract new resources and capabilities, which can lead to culture change. On the other hand, the movie shows how disproportional incentives can blind people. Henry’s actions were illegal. Taking the prize for a competition that was not fairly won is highly unethical. Obviously, he got blind because of his selfish point of view of incentives. All these propositions should be analyzed and applied by both, employees and managers. They should actively interact to discuss suggestions and ideas to improve company’s culture. Finally, once the ideas were picked, communication is the key. Company policy should be seen through all marketing material, including TV, magazine, newspapers, and websites. Career fair visibility is important as well to get news about the company out to the public and potential employees. Once those portals (to communicate ethical factors and others) are established, the focus can be the employees’ productivity. Monthly newsletters from company executives highlighting company policy should be sent to employees, so they are aware of changes or improvements being made. All these ideas are based on my perception about the topic. It is a way to show how my perception disagrees with Henry’s. Instead of following a code of ethics, Henry has an â€Å"ends justify the means† philosophy and does not consider ethical and moral implications in his work. He bribes DOT executives and tangles himself in conflicts of interest. In the end, Henry  pays the consequences for his actions when the senate ethics committee finds him guilty of unethical practices. His reputation is ruined and his relationship with his daughters is damaged. All of this could have been avoided. He sadly lost much more than he was able to win.

Professional Workoplace Dilemma Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Workoplace Dilemma Paper - Essay Example Moral and ethical dilemmas are becoming frequent in one’s professional life. The cut throat competition coupled with diverse and multicultural fabric of the society, makes it difficult for a person to maintain a high level of personal integrity. The main reason being that very often the personal values clash with the organization’s objectives and organization’s target based results. According to Joseph Badaracco, "We have all experienced situations in which our professional responsibilities unexpectedly come into conflict with our deepest values...we are caught in a conflict between right and right. And no matter which option we choose, we feel like weve come up short" (internet). The resolution of ethical dilemma therefore requires a very careful consideration so that both the parties become gainers. As a customer support executive in a credit card company, I often come across such situations while dealing with the customers. My company being a target based organization, I have to sell credit cards to the customers so that I can meet my professional responsibilities and even exceed target for rapid advancement in my career. Even though all my customers may not require the credit cards, but the need to sell them becomes my professional responsibility towards my company. In such cases, I am faced with the ethical dilemma of whether I should convince my prospective customer so that he agrees to take our credit card. One such case comes to my mind whenever I look back to time. I once sold our credit card to a university immigrant student who had come on scholarship from India. Although I had informed him of all the details of using prudently the credit card, I later came to know that the said student had come under so much of debt that despite being an extremely bright student, he could not complete his studies on time as he had to work long hours to repay the debt accrued on his credit cards.

Public Relations Issue Tracking on Current Event Topic Essay

Public Relations Issue Tracking on Current Event Topic - Essay Example The first nominee of President Bush for this post was Harriet Myers, White House counsel and this led to charges of cronyism. Her confirmation process in the Senate ran into rough weather with some of the supporters of President Bush backing off. In this scenario Harriet Myers was forced to withdraw and despite the claims from the White House it was a clear sign of retreat. (Miers withdraws Supreme Court nomination). President Bush has now nominated Samuel Alito, a conservative jurist functioning at the Philadelphia based Third U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, for the post of Supreme Court Justice. (Alex, L. (2005). Nominee). This nomination is going to face a tough time too at the confirmation process in the Senate, as the Democrats having tasted blood once are going to try again. (Zuckman, J. (2005). Democrats signal Alito faces rockier confirmation process). The Role of Public Relations: The focus of the attack from the Democrats will be on the Samuel Alito’s views on religion and more so on abortion. (Alex, L. (2005). Alito battle will focus on abortion and religion). The other area of likely attack is in civil rights. (Kirkpatrick, D.D. (2005). White House Says Alito Was Assuring on Districting). Religion, abortion and civil rights are three important areas of public opinion and it is clear that the opposition intends using public relations to raise public opinion to defeat the nomination process of Samuel Alito in the Senate. In addition the opposition is also likely to turn public opinion against this nomination.

What is Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

What is Plagiarism - Essay Example It is even found in articles found in newspapers and magazines; for example in 2010, renowned New York Times reporter and Pulitzer winner were Chris Hedges was found to plagiarize directly from another reporter’s work. At the college level where we are exposed to so many research articles and writings and are often expected to present writings of our own, it becomes almost impossible not to succumb to the temptation of using materials that we may have read or seen somewhere. This is where most students and scholars go wrong. Students are not aware of the fact that even paraphrasing without citation is very much unethical and therefore most end up plagiarizing owing to ignorance of rules of ethical writing. The habit of abiding by plagiarism rules needs to be instilled from a young age. Students need to be first made aware about the existence of â€Å"plagiarism† and its rules and should be first given warnings about plagiarizing in their own papers. They should be encouraged to read articles but also acknowledge them in case they are using the same for their own work, hence students must also be introduced to citation approaches. This initial introduction at least ensures that all students are equally aware of plagiarism and therefore any student found indulging in plagiarism, later on, would have done it out of choice rather than ignorance. Students found to plagiarize should be punished according to the degree of plagiarism detected. The punishment should become harsher with subsequent instances by the same person. Even though homework might seem less important than research articles, students and scholars found to indulge in any kind of plagiarism need to be treated equally a nd hence punishment should be the same for usage of plagiarized material.

Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Persuasion - Essay Example Emphasizing this particular issue, the objective of the essay is to develop an overview about the nature of message delivered through articles referred. Furthermore, in this essay, classification of the articles titled â€Å"Tough love for fat people: Tax their food to pay for healthcare† by Healy (2009), â€Å"Should fattening foods be taxed?† by Cafferty (2009) and â€Å"Americans against Food Taxes† by SourceWatch (2011) is done respectively, depending on the writing styles and the effects that they could generate on the common people. The major strength that could possibly be noted from the article titled â€Å"Americans against Food Taxes† is the group’s focus on the reaction of the common people regarding food taxes induced on government defined â€Å"unhealthy foods† (SourceWatch, 2011). Similarly, the articles titled â€Å"Tough love for fat people: Tax their food to pay for healthcare† and â€Å"Should fattening foods be taxed?† can be treated as informative sources reflecting on the ways general people are bound to suffer for such taxation, especially those who are not obese; thus, offering a contradictory point of view to the issue (Cafferty, 2009; Healy, 2009). The article by SourceWatch (2011), provides a clear indication of the ways the group, i.e. Americans against Food Taxes are supporting the people combating against food taxation, which might in turn, serve as an emotional base for the popularity of the article. As can be observed, the major strength of this articl e have been to draw attention of its readers towards aspects, which might be left overlooked when interpreting both the pros and cons of the issue concerning tax imposition on â€Å"unhealthy† foods. One of the key weaknesses of the article by SourceWatch (2011) is its focus on unveiling the arguments made by the Americans against Food Taxes group, funded by renowned beverage companies in the US.

Speaker Presentation Response Papers Assignment

Speaker Presentation Response Papers - Assignment Example He was very effective in his explanation of his career graph and explained how he tasted the cable television business at different places moving from Portland to Miami to Phoenix to Houston to Washington DC in an eight year period. In this time period he enjoyed various posts such as regional manager for marketing, sales manager etc. According to Bob Thomson, â€Å"He got a good taste of Cable television world over through this†. He steadily progressed throughout his career and by 1998 he was made the Vice President of Fox Sports International. According to Bob Thomson, Fox Sports International at that point in time comprised of various channels across the US such as Fox Soccer, a Spanish service for Fox as well as channels in Latin America, Central America, Middle East and Eastern Europe. Under his leadership, they had also started selling FOX rights to people throughout the world. These were some of the biggest milestones in his career. He was made the CEO in 1999 and Presi dent of FOX Sports Network by 2000. He got tired by 2009 and he retired. Bob Thomson managed to make the audience stifle some giggles as he spoke about his retirement in 2009. He maintains that he still does some work for FOX sports, for Direct TV cable networks and Yes TV. When Thomson had left the company the operating profit was 1.1 billion dollars and the revenue was 3.2 billion dollar and has a net worth of 18 billion dollars today. How Sports changed over the years? Thomson moved on to explain how TV has changed over the years. He began with the time of World War II. At that point, sports was being broadcasted by one or two channels only—CBS and Dumont. Sports was being used as a means to propogate the selling of TV sets back then but today Thomson explained, it is used as a means to sell subscriptions world over. Thomson was very sound on his knowledge as he drew comparisons between what happened then and what happened today. Back then, he explained most of the shootin g would take place in the sun as there would not be enough lights at night. The cameras used to be big. Thomson said they are big today but they were even more big at that point in time. The sets were nonexistent and there was non concept of rights then. Thomson raised a very valid statistic regarding how back then the total no of TV sets in United States were only 10 billion while today there are as many as 110 billion TV sets. This in my opinion raises a very valid point regarding the growing integration of TV world over. 1960s and 1970s: The 1960s and 1970s as explained by Bob Thomson, I feel were a very important era in the world of Sports Television. He termed this era as the start of â€Å"explosion of sports programming†. A very important point of this era, I felt was the growing commercial nature of advertising. By the 1960s, there was no longer one sponsor but multiple sponsors were called in. This was to capitalize on advertising revenew. Advertisers sought to targe t 19-54 male population through these sports channels. The challenges that arose: By 1980, the real challenges for Sports TV started emerging. This was when niche channels and non sports programming channels, started taking viewership away from mainstream networks. This was a very crucial period in Sports TV programming. Traditional sports sponsors began moving their advertising dollars into other areas as networks tried to raise advertising rates. An important point raised by Thomson was the importance of

Grace and Love in 'The Courtier' by Baldassare Castiglione Essay

Grace and Love in 'The Courtier' by Baldassare Castiglione - Essay Example In a sense, Castiglione wants to present them as ideal types, as the "onorati esempi di virt" ( IV, 2, 448: "honored models of worthiness"[287]) as can be read from his prologues. "When lord Guidobaldo di Montefeltro, duke of Urbino, passed from this life, I together with several other knights who had served him remained in the service of duke Francesco Maria della Rovere, heir and successor to Guidobaldo's state; and as in my mind there remained fresh the odor of duke Guido's virtues and the satisfaction which I in those years had felt from the loving company of such excellent persons, as then frequented the court of Urbino". Castiglione's goal in his work was to set his statements of praise for Urbino and its inhabitants in general and conventional terms. He did not cite the military exploits or civic triumphs of a character he praises, instead, he celebrates all of them for their virt, (virtue) their ingegno, (ingenuity) their ottime qualit (high dignity). Castiliogne pursues the elevation of Urbino's image to an exemplary moral excellence and its value for posterity. In his first two prologues, Castiglione highlights the superiority of Urbino's inhabitants. In the prologue to Book III, Castiglione states that if Urbino's pastimes convince him of its excellence, he should be able to imagine easily how much greater the courtiers' virtuous actions were (III, 1, 336). In the last prologue, Castiglione praises the courtiers directly as "omini per virt singulari" ( IV, 2, 446: "men singular in worth"[286]). He viewed the court as a paragon of moral exempla ( IV, 2, 448: "chiari ed onorati esempi di virt"). The court is presented as an ethical model not only to other existing courts at that time but also to the succeeding generations to come. Moreover, Castiglione confesses in the third prologue that he wrote his text carefully to "faria vivere negli animi dei posteri" (III, 1, 336: "make it live in the mind of posterity"[202]). Finally, as his culture upholds classical antiquity, he projects that the young and upcoming generation will envy his time because of the exemplary Urbino court. (III, 1, 336: "forse per l'avvenire non mancher chi per questo ancor porti invidia al secol nostro").Similarly, the virtues of grace and love which are present in Castiliogne's work are also present in Christian morals and manners. Christian morals are a function of moral discernment and moral reasoning. For instance, James Gustafson stated that moral discernment refer to basic dispositions that are shaped in part by the faith and trust Christians have as they offer themselves up to God. Moreover, James Gustafson stated that the concept of moral discernment was related to moral reasoning. Gustafson explained that moral reasoning pertains to a character, or personal moral ability, which covers dispositions, traits, and actions of the moral agent. (Selnick, 1992). Castiliogne stated that the courtier is expected to serve and increase in favour with her Lady. He should instruct her in virtue

Principles of Advertising(Mini Campaign) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Advertising(Mini Campaign) - Essay Example Having its foundations rooted in sustainable agriculture, which produces exceptional food product quality, the farm-organization is family owned. This history is traceable to humble beginnings, where a family was able to organize its farm into the present entity it is. The presence of an on-farm processing plant, which aids in the freezing and pureeing of produce immediately after hours, aids in enhancing overall freshness, quality and nutritional value. This is best exemplified by the farm’s certification of sustainability, by the Food Alliance. Initial business venturing was on fruits and vegetables that were sustainably grown and subsequently individually quick-frozen. It is these produce that were first marketed under the brand name – Stahlbush Island Farms, in their characteristic Kraft paper packaging. It is this background, which provided for the later entry of canned, organic gourmet purees, under Trademark Farmers. Successful launch of these products provides an avenue of diversification, as later on showcased by the unveiling of pumpkin based pet food supplements. Environmentally conscious, the family-owned business later ventures into biogas production, through construction of a biogas plant. The target market for the farm would be drawn from different sectors, discussing the unveiling of organic foods and farm produce. Of primary importance are local community members of the State, which is primarily an agricultural setting. The audience present would include women group members, representative, and farmers, especially those practicing large-scale farming. In addition would be government agency representatives, who stand for different agencies and institutions concerned with farming, product quality assurance and environmental management. There would also be the likely possibility of academic minds, keen on engaging further on the overall

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Criminal Justice - Essay Example The following are some of the factors that predict spousal abuse (Bowen, para1-2). Social environment is one of the predictive factors. Bowen reports that findings published by University of Bristol in 1999 indicated that women who live in the most societal adversity are up to 15 times more likely to be victims of domestic violence when their child is three years. Women living in slums and rural areas are highly vulnerable to spousal abuse. Age of the woman is another predictor of domestic violence. The number of young women who go through abuse is more than that of old women. Research has shown that women at their prime child bearing age are at more risk that the older ones. Preidt notes that according to the U.S. health department, more than 30% of women screened at the antenatal clinics have confirmed to receive a spousal abuse at a certain point. Social status of a woman is also a good indicator of whether she has domestic abuse issues or not. Women holding influential positions in the society do not receive spousal abuse as their counterparts with low societal profile (Preidt, para3-4). In addition, the level of education of the partners affects the relationship. Poorly educated women experience family-based violence. This is worst if there is a gap in education between her and the husband. Another factor is family size and composition. Some men get married with some expectations from their wives. When these expectations fail to come, they develop a negative image of their wives and start mistreating them. For example, a husband may go into marriage expecting the wife to bear a son. After some years, the wife only gives him daughters. This culminates into spousal abuse. History of depression on the partners can also indicate possibility of abuse since it affects human capacity in many areas of life. If the woman or the man has a history of depression, it is likely that he/she shall take it

The Gift of Magi Essay Example for Free

The Gift of Magi Essay Country Lovers Alyssa Helm English 125 Instructor: David Makhanlall November 7, 2011 Themes: The Gift of Magi It is always great to read stories where the author is able to show love between two characters. â€Å"The Gift of Magi† was a great example of this. This story showed how a couple’s love was so strong between the two, that they were able to give up their most prize possessions for one another. â€Å"The Gift of Magi† allows the reader to be able to relate to this love story with a heartwarming theme of love vs. material things. As a reader reading this story there were a lot of themes or meanings that this story has. A theme: â€Å"it is not a statement about a dominant impression or mood; it is not a moral or proposition; it is not the attitude of the writer. Theme is more complex than any of these elements of fiction; it cant be defined in a single word† (Clugston, R. W. (2010). The most important would be showing the limits a person would go for someone that they love, even if it means giving up the most important thing to them. Della, with only $1. 7, wanted to make sure that she was able to provide her husband with what she felt would be the best Christmas gift. Della considered her long, brown hair as one of her most prized possessions. But, when it came down to her hair or getting her husband Jim a Christmas gift she did not think twice about cutting it. The twenty dollars that the woman offered her at the hair shop seemed to be just enough for her to be able to purchase the perfect gift. Ther e were many literary elements that contributed to the theme of this story. The first one would be symbols. There are two main symbols that are represented in this story. This would be Della’s long brown hair and her husband Jim’s gold watch. . Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majestys jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy(Clugston, R. W. (2010). These two things are focused on the most in this story. The end result in this story has a twist on it. Della and Jim both bought things to compliment each other’s prized possessions. The focus was mainly put on Della’s hair however at the end of the story it reveals how her husband Jim had sold his watch so that he was able to purchase the hair barrettes that she couldn’t use now because she cut her hair. Della didn’t know what reaction she would get from her husband, she even went home to style her now short hair so that it maybe her husband would accept her drastic cut. The couple did this only to find out at the end of the story that they both got rid of what was most important so they could buy each other a gift for the holidays. The second literary element that would contribute to this them would be the point of view. This story was told in third person. This means that the story contained a narrator. â€Å"Its important to remember that the narrator, whether a character inside the story or one looking on from outside the action, is a voice invented by the author for the purposes of the story. Clugston, R. W. (2010). I feel like with this story it helps set the mood and was able to allow the reader to sympathize with the couple. I say this because the narrator is able to describe in full detail the feelings of each character. We are able to see things that we would not if the character had been telling the story. The narrator is able to provide us with full detail about each facial expression, or feeling that is told. Although this couple was only trying to make sure they each had something for Christmas, I feel like if they had communication they would have been able to avoid losing items that meant the most to them. I totally understand how much it means to be able to buy your loved one something on a holiday, but it’s not always about materialistic things as you have each other. Reference Page 1) Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into Literature.

Correlates of criminal behavior

Correlates of criminal behavior Introduction Factors that correlate with crime are those, such as economic deprivation, that demonstrate a relationship with the incidence of criminal behavior. It is crucial to remember that correlations only tell us that there is a relationship between one variable and another they do not tell us what is causing what. For example, there is an association between failing at school and juvenile delinquency but we cannot say that low school achievement necessarily cause delinquency (Dwyer, 2001). It is possible that once an individual becomes involved in delinquent behavior, their school work suffers and grades begin to deteriorate. Alternatively, there may be a third factor, perhaps the attitude of the family towards school work and offending that causes both of the other factors (Dwyer, 2001). It is important, though, to recognize that a relationship does have a cause and this is what researchers are trying to uncover, but at no time should we jump to superficial conclusions about the exact direction of the cause. Case Study A: DV a 36-year-old, Single Black Male DV, a 36-year-old, single Black male was charged with possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. During formal interviews, DV was initially uncooperative with the evaluators. He pretended not to understand what was asked of him. He was strongly encouraged to cooperate with the evaluation. After a period of observation and initial psychological testing, it was explained to him that his report of experiencing auditory hallucinations was unlikely to be true (Heilbrun, Marczky DeMatteo, 2002). DV was administered psychological testing on three separate occasions. Initial test results clearly demonstrated DV intended to represent himself as mentally ill and confused. After further counseling, he was re-administered two tests, which he appeared to complete in a cooperative fashion. DVs responses on a structured interview of symptoms of mental illness were consistent with those of someone intending to put on psychotic mental illness (Heilbrun et al., 2002). DV began smoking marijuana as a teenager and has continued to use it throughout adulthood. Selling illicit drugs eventually became his primary source of income through the years. Prior to his arrest, he used marijuana on a daily basis and drank alcohol much less frequently, primarily on the weekends or when it was available (Heilbrun et al., 2002). DV has been arrested at least 20 times throughout adolescence and adulthood. He has been incarcerated in state prisons twice, both for felony convictions. The only previous mental health treatment he has received was during his incarceration in a state prison. He had been experiencing nervousness, tremors, and what he referred to as depression. This condition was reportedly treated with antipsychotic medication for a period of six months. His reports of past mental health symptoms were vague, and he indicated that he has never sought mental health treatment when out of prison (Heilbrun et al., 2002). Criminal Behavior: Mental Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Bartol and Bartol (2011) mental illness is a disorder of disease of the mind that is judged by experts to interfere substantially with a persons ability to cope with life on a daily basis. It presumably deprives the person of freedom of choice, but it is important to note that there are degrees to this deprivation. The term mental disorder, however, need not imply that a person is sick, to be pitied, or even necessarily less responsible for his or her actions. Psychological Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology is the science of behavior and mental process. Psychological criminology, then, is the science of the behavior and mental process of the person who commits crime. In the psychology of crime, both social and personality influences on criminal behavior are considered, along with the mental processes that mediate that behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is hard to specify typically the psychological theories of crime. Psychological theories centers on the influence of individual and family factors on offending. Psychological theories usually develop and attempt to explain offending on an ongoing project thats starts from childhood to adulthood (Bartol Bartol, 2011). Correlates and Developmental Risk factors The parental and family risk factors led DV to become deviant at a very young age. During a conducted interview, DV stated that he lived at home with his mother, father, and two brothers until the age of eight, when his mother was killed in a car accident. After his mothers death, he began living with an aunt, who raised him until he left home at the age of 14. He attended school through the eighth grade and was expelled from school after the eighth grade, partly because of his poor attendance and partly because of his involvement in two fights (Heilbrun et al., 2002). He described school as being difficult for him because he never had any family support. After his mother died, nobody really cared whether he went to school. It was the loss of his mother that triggered his criminal behavior. Is this Person a Criminal? In summary, DV manifest a personality style and behavior pattern that is characterized by dislike towards authority and violation of social norms and laws. He was diagnosed with malingering (resolved) cannibus abuse and antisocial personality disorder. DV can be held accountable for his actions. He knew that the current adjudication constitutes his third felony conviction, and he knew the sentencing mandates associated with a third felony conviction. Specifically, DV was aware that he could have received a very lengthy sentence for his third conviction and knew his plea carried the probability of a relatively short sentence. He knew that his plea agreement called for his full cooperation in the resolution of his case (Heilbrun et al., 2002). DV was deemed competent to stand trial based on his ability to comprehend what he did and he knew this. Case Study B: 24-Year-Old John D. John is a 24-year-old Caucasian male who was convicted of Sexual Battery, which occurred on February 10, 1998, and is awaiting sentencing. John D. was an only child born to unwed parents on February 9, 1975. He grew up in an unstable environment and his father was a drug addict who neglected to care for him. He recalls no memories of his father prior to the age of eight (Heilbrun et al., 2002). At eight years old, John D. recalled playing with and smelling someones feet. He cant remember exactly what happened at the moment but recall it was really scary. He remembers his fathers hands pulling his knees apart. That was all he can remember about the incident (Heilbrun et al., 2002). Criminal Behavior: Sex Offender (Sexual Battery)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sex offenders often commit a variety of crime beyond sexual offenses, although this is more likely to be the case with rapists than the child molesters. There is no single profile that encompasses a majority of sex offenders. The features of their crimes also differ distinctly among offenders, including time and place, the gender and age of the victim, the degree of planning the offense, and the amount of violence used or intended (APA, 2000; Bartol Bartol, 2011). Sociological Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sociological approach examines underlying social conditions that may influence criminal behavior by focusing on how social structure and processes contribute to crime. Life course criminology focuses on life tragedies or paths that may lead to lifelong or repeated criminal behavior. The Sociological theory of criminal behavior is the way people look at their environment. Sociologically, a person will be overwhelmed by closeness, the imitation and behavior of those they look up to, as well as their understanding of what is right and what is wrong (Bartol Bartol, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People are not born with a predisposition to violence or lack of power; rather they become that way as a result of social experiences. Furthermore, criminal behavior, again like all behavior, is an individuals way of adapting to his or her environment. Correlates and Developmental Risk factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Examples of social risk factors are parental and family risk factors including faulty or inadequate parenting, sibling influences, and child maltreatment or abuse. A wide variety of circumstances can lead to a single-parent home. John D.s father died when he was nine years old. He is unable to recall any memories of his father prior to age eight. His parents never married but after his fathers death, his mother married a man that told John D. someday he would burn in hell (Heilbrun et al., 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His mothers parental styles were inappropriate. John D. loved her because she could be fun to be with, and she was proud of him. At the same time he hated her because of the way she treated him. He described her as very moody, at times she would be nice and at other times she lashed out and smacked him in the face. John D. also stated that he often felt like a surrogate husband to his mother, because whenever it was time to kiss her goodnight, she would stick her tongue out (Heilbrun et al., 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John D. spent most of his time living with his maternal grandparents. His grandmother would walk in on him when he was changing his underwear and would always find an excuse to come into the bathroom and wipe him after he was done. He didnt realize his grandmothers behavior was inappropriate until later (Heilbrun et al., 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Models are those significant persons in the social environment that provide cues for how to do something (Bartol Bartol, 2011; Jackson, 2008). For example, a child may learn how to shoot a gun by imitating television or video characters. The child then will rehearse and fine-tunes this behavioral pattern by practicing with toy guns. John D.s behavioral patterns are the outcome of the models he had in his life. Is this Person a Criminal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John D. is responsible for his actions and should be held criminally liable for what he did. He shows no remorse for his victims. He kills his victims and plays with their feet. He has a tendency to act upon his fantasies. He has a high potential for dangerous behavior inflicted against self and others. Case Study C: 21-Year-Old Jimmy M. The defendant in this case, Jimmy M., was charged with aggravated murder in the shooting death of a police officer in November of 1997. Jimmy M. has an extensive criminal record and a history consistent with an antisocial personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is not usually considered to be a mitigating factor. In addition to the antisocial personality disorder, Jimmy M. had suffered from a serious head injury, resulting in the request for a neuropsychological evaluation (Heilbrun et al., 2002). Jimmy M. was born to Darlene M (who was 15 years old when she got pregnant) and Bob Hoover on September 21, 1976. Jimmy M. only saw his father twice, once in fifth or sixth grade and the second time was last year while he was incarcerated. He primarily raised by his foster grandmother, Martha Washington; Ms. Washington was Jimmy M.s mothers foster parent. Jimmy M.s mother was a drug addict and alcoholic who was arrested and spent time in jail and prison before dying of a drug overdose in 1989 (Heilbrun et al., 2002). On one occasion, when Jimmy M. was eight years old, his mother used him to hide stolen money. Jimmy M. developed significant behavioral problems following his mothers death. He subsequently had numerous contacts with juvenile authorities and was placed with the Department of Youth Services on several occasions. He encountered numerous conflicts with his grandmother. Although things have not always been stable with his grandmother, Jimmy M. stated that they remain close today (Heilbrun et al., 2002). Criminal Behavior: Murder (Aggravated Murder)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term murder is reserved for the unlawful killing of one human being by another with malice aforethought, either expressed or implied. Malice aforethought refers to premeditation, or the mental state of a person who thinks ahead, plans, and voluntarily causes the death of another, without legal excuse or justification. However, premeditation can occur in a very short period of time (even a minute); it does not require weeks of planning (Bartol Bartol, 2011). Biological Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historically, neurological impairment, whether by heredity, injury, or disease, has been thought to coincide with criminal behavior. For example, head injury and violent behavior are found to coexist in criminals at a higher than average rate. Though a direct link cannot be determined between the two, researchers observe that neurological problems, in combination with environmental and social risk factors, interact to influence criminal behavior (APA, 2000; Bartol Bartol, 2011; Raine, 2002). Biological theories have a misunderstanding stereotype that if a person is a criminal then that person was born a criminal. Biological theories are only one interpretation of criminality (Rafter, 2008). Biology has an effect on our social and emotional lives that would be categorized as biological influences on our behavior. Some examples would be menstruation affects some women more than others, but many have more mood swings during, and just before, menstruation. Pregnancy also affects hormones and therefore emotions. In many cases, a women seems calmer than usual when pregnant, not reacting as she normally would to the stresses of work and life. Hormones in pregnancy have a lot of functions, including effects on mood and puberty is another example with which everyone is familiar. During the transition from childhood into a sexual world, teenagers go through some profound emotional and behavioral changes usually suffered along with them by their parents, other relatives, and teache rs (Raine, 2002). Eventually they mature and become adults; but in the years of puberty, the change in outlook and disturbance of behavior can be profound. But again, the environmental influences are crucial in how puberty, a biological change, is realized. Correlates and Developmental Risk factors Jimmy M.s mother was 15 when she was pregnant and 16 when he was born. Given her own drug, alcohol, and legal problems she was clearly unable to provide adequate parenting. His foster grandmother was, at best, inconsistent in her ability to provide for Jimmy M. and the other children within her care, who included Jimmy M.s mother. Following his mothers death, Jimmy M.s behavior showed clear signs of deterioration, and he joined the local gang (Heilbrun et al., 2002). As a result of Jimmy M.s early childhood experiences, he has bonded to no one, has little capacity for empathy, and has shut off his emotions from the rest of the world. Is this Person a Criminal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Therefore, Jimmy M. is responsible for his actions and should be held criminally liable for what he did. However, based on his past, Jimmy M. should undergo treatment to eliminate harm to him and to others. Jimmy M. demonstrated a capacity of attachment. Once his mother passed he began to seek support by associating with the local gang. There is a possibility that through treatment and rehabilitation Jimmy M. can do better for himself. Conclusion According to Bartol and Bartol (2011) Crime, like all behavior, is complex and varied, and there are no simple answers regarding its causes. This is hardly surprising considering the great variety of crimes and offenders. Different theories put the emphasis on different causal factors: biology, personality, unconscious conflict, social learning, to name but a few. It is still by no means clear whether or not biological factors are implicated in antisocial behavior but, even if they are, most researchers acknowledge that the environment in which children are reared can either stimulate or inhibit any inborn tendency is criminality. The type of environment most conducive to delinquency is one of poverty, deprivation, a stressful family life and lack of educational opportunities. These factors are inextricably inter-related and the more of these that a child endures, the greater the likelihood of them committing criminal acts. Nevertheless, many individuals exposed to all of these risk factors do not embrace a life of crime. Perhaps we need to take a more careful look at protective factors such as personal disposition, loving relationships, social support systems and, indeed, gender, in order to more successfully address the problem of crime. References American Psychological Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) (4th ed., vol. Text Revision). Arlington, VA: Author. Bartol, C .R. Bartol, A. M. (2011). Criminal behavior: A psychosocial approach (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Dwyer, D. (2001). Angles on criminal psychology. United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes, Ltd. Heilbrun, K., Marczyk, G. R., DeMatteo, D. (2002). Forensic mental health assessment: A casebook. New York: Oxford Press. Jackson, R. (Ed.). (2008). Learning forensic assessment. New York: Routledge. Rafter, N. (2008). The criminal brain: Understanding biological theories of crime. New York, New York: New York University Press. Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(4), 311-26.

Importance Of Exercise And Diet Health And Social Care Essay

Importance Of Exercise And Diet Health And Social Care Essay Exercise and diet is considered to be an important determinant of health and sickness. Historically, a fat child means a healthy child, one who is free from infection. Today obesity or overweight in children, very often related to degenerative diseases is mainly due to improper exercise and dietary pattern. According to World Health Organization (2004), Body Mass Index between 25 and 29.99 is considered as overweight. Overweight is associated with the onset of major chronic diseases leading to complications and problems in children and adult. Childhood obesity/overweight is very often a risk factor for obesity in adulthood, compared to adult onset obesity. Hence close monitoring of overweight and taking timely preventive measures will be an effective approach in dealing with the problems. Incidence of childhood overweight is on the rise since last few decades and is still continuing to rise. Since the 1970s, the prevalence of overweight children has more than doubled for preschoolers ages 2-5 years and adolescents aged 12-19 years and it has more than tripled for children 6-11 years. Nearly one third of children and adolescents of both sexes, aged 6-19 years (30%) are considered to be either at risk for overweight (The Center for Health and Healthcare in Schools 2005). The transition in nutrition, sedentary life style, lack of exercise, increased television watching, computer addiction, improper dietary pattern adopted by children today are the major causes for overweight seen in children. The World Health Organization has identified school as important settings for promotion of physical activity among children. Physical education provided at school, is an ideal way to encourage activity and develop fitness among children. For this reason, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Association for Sports and Physical Education (NASPE), and the American Heart Association all recommended comprehensive daily physical education for children Kindergarten to 12th standard. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge on body weight and its maintenance among overweight children and to assess the effectiveness of self instructional booklet. The conceptual frame work used for this study was based on titler et al (2004) effectiveness model. A quasi experimental pre test post test control group design was used to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional booklet on body weight and its maintenance among over weight children.The study was conducted in a selected school with a sample of 60 overweight children studying in 7th to 12th standard; samples were selected by purposive sampling method. First 30 samples were assigned to the control group and the next 30 samples were assigned to the experimental group. The tool for this study was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts.Part I was developed to assess the knowledge of over weight children in relation to body weight, diet and exercise. Each were consisted of 5 multiple response questions. Part II consisted of selected demographic variables such as age, educational qualification of father and mother, occupation of father and mother, family income, items at home, family food type and items. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY Demographic characteristics Demographic characteristics presents that almost in both the groups the children under the age group of 12-14 years, had family income above 10,000 and major facilities like television, bike and cycle. And most of the fathers were private employees and mothers were nonworking. All the mothers are literate and majority 20 23(66.7% 76.7 %) of children in both the groups had Body Mass Index value between 25 and 27.5. Body weight and its maintenance Overweight children were grouped into two, experimental group and control group. It was noted that in both the groups the knowledge of children assessed were almost similar in before intervention. In after intervention children gained knowledge in experimental group and children remained same knowledge in control group. Significant Finding Statistically there was no significant differences in the knowledge score between experimental and control group before intervention and statistically there is a significant difference of knowledge in experimental group between before and after intervention. This increase in knowledge of the experimental group could be attributed to the self-instructional booklet. CONCLUSION Good health leads to a normal life. To promote the health of the child and reduce the danger of over weight and obesity, it is important that children are encouraged to engage in some form of physical activity on a regular basis and good dietary pattern. These above facts highlight the need for self discipline in a child to live a healthy and active life. People are more lethargic when compared to their ancestors. Earlier children spent the majority of their free time playing outdoor games which meant that they were automatically getting more physical activity. Currently there are more organized sports activities but only fewer children participate in them. Many prefer to play video games or watch television which is assisting in their weight gain. The remote control, video games, the automobile, television, and to some extent the computer are all part of the environment which discourage people from being physically active. Healthy eating and exercise habits should be thought as a pair, one cannot go without the other, for the childs best health.This can be developed only through education. There is lot of education available today through magazines, televison, posters; internet etc. But these children dont show any interest in that. Perhaps material is readily available in hand; children will read it and may follow it. LIMITATIONS Exact response cannot be expected from the children. These self-reported data may not exactly reflect the reality of respondents. IMPLICATIONS The study has its implication in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration, nursing research, social pediatrics and community. Nursing Practice Nursing professionals can provide a better frame work for healthy life style and school based programs. Nurses understand the biologic, psychological, causative and social aspects of being an overweight and their impact on health. The nurse can render awareness through education of the parents and children at the school, hospital and community level.The nurse can also improve the knowledge of parents, children and school teachers by conducting education awareness program and by counseling. A healthy life style is important for the proper growth and development. Guidance and Counseling services should be arranged timely, provided with adequate knowledge, positive support to make the child as a healthy member of society in future. Nursing Education Findings of the study have some implication for nursing education. The health care system pays more attention on the training of nursing students and school teachers. So that they will acquire more knowledge and will be able to help oneself in knowing the importance of healthy lifestyle. Motivation to change and psychological counseling technique is the key to any lifestyle intervention. Teaching about healthy diet and the importance of maintaining moderate physical activity in young children is important as obesity is more easily prevented than treated. It is important to begin preventive efforts early in childhood. Nursing Administration Nursing administrators should be necessarily involved in formulating policies for health education program in the school, hospital as well as community settings. All the heath education and school based program should integrate education on healthy diet and regular physical activity in children. Nursing Research There is a need for extensive research in this area. The findings of the study help to expand the scientific body of knowledge upon which further research can be conducted. In the Community The community health nurse has an important role as health educator, health promoter and health protector in the community. During home visits the nurse can identify the vulnerable overweight children and observe different lifestyle adopted by the family and children. Nursing personnel working in the community should be given in service education to update and improve their knowledge regarding overweight and life style practices. Within the healthcare community, the multidisciplinary team might include a primary physician, a diabetic educator, a nurse, a dietitian, a fitness counselor and a social worker as well as the patient and family. Educating and counseling the obese and over weight children and their parents through media is vital. Healthcare professionals should also become involved in setting up new community programs to promote healthy lifestyle. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the findings of the study, the investigator proposed the following recommendations. A replication of present study can be done with large sample. Maximum publicity should be given through mass media for educating knowledge among children regarding body weight and its maintenance. A similar type of comparative study can be done between urban and rural settings. A present study can be conducted with long duration by assessing BMI and Lifestyle practices before and after intervention.

Anthropology and Social Work Essay -- Anthropology Humanity Essays

Anthropology and Social Work Anthropologists like myself try to figure out why present day humans are the way they are. Meredith F. Small Female Choices Who are we? How old is the human species? Where did we come from? What do we believe and why? Is our own culture the epitome of civilization? What is reality? How have we arrived at a position where destroying the earth doesn't bother us very much? These, and many, many more are the questions that drive anthropologists to study human beings and our interactions. In fact, the presence of a driving question is the seed that creates anthropologists, as we will soon see. Anthropology is the study of humanity. As one might suspect, given the scope of the questions in the previous paragraph, anthropology is a broad field with many subfields (or methods) of gathering information. Let's look at some of these areas of study, the methodology for each discipline, and a few of the specialists and their research. ETHNOLOGY/ETHNOGRAPHY According to James Spradley (1979) in The Ethnographic Interview, ethnology is "the study of culture" (pg. iii). On the surface, this would seem the simplest of tasks. However most of us are unaware that we are wearing Kant's irremovable glasses' when it comes to viewing other cultures­our own personal biases and beliefs are fully intact. This ethnocentric viewpoint (defined by John Bodley as "the tendency to evaluate other cultures in reference to one's own presumably superior culture"2) is the biggest stumbling block to understanding other cultures and recognizing their own inherent value. The aim of the good ethnographer is to take off the glasses of ethnocentrism as often as possible and learn from other people what their world is like. In order to ... ...1989). Yuqui: Forest nomads in a changing world. Orlando: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Public Broadcasting Service (Producer). Millennium series: Inventing reality [Videotape]. Rosenthal,E. (1991, December). The forgotten female. Discover 22­27. RuppelShell,E. (1991, December). Flesh & bone. Discover 37­42. Small, M. F. (1993). Female choices: Sexual behavior of female primates. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Spradley, J.P. (1979). The ethnographic interview. Orlando: Hartcourt Brace Jovanovich. Struever, S. & Holton, F. A. (1979). Koster: Americans in search of their prehistoric past. Garden City: Anchor Press/ Doubleday. Stuart, G. E. & McMananon, F. P. (1996). Archaeology & you. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society. Zastrow, C. (1996). Introduction to social work and social welfare (6th ed.). Pacific Grove: BrookslCole Publishing.

God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance Essay -- Argumentative P

God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance One of the most controversial issues, if â€Å"Under God† should remain in the pledge, and if children should be required to say it, went to court a few weeks ago. The argument was brought to court by Michael Newdow, the father to the girl on whose behalf the lawsuit was brought forward. Newdow argued in court and on many different public speaking occasions that knowing his child is being led to say â€Å"One nation under God† on a daily basis makes him feel â€Å"Disenfranchised†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). He points out that â€Å"The Pledge, which has â€Å"liberty for all† is being used to inculcate his daughter in a religious worldview he cannot accept†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). This means that the state is trying to educate his daughter on religion, and therefore â€Å"Under God† is unconstitutional. Michael Newdow does not have custody of his daughter; he is an atheist who feels his daughter is not being treated fairly because she is of the minority belief in religion. His wife a born again Christian, says their daughter has no trouble including God in the Pledge of Allegiance. Their daughter is in the second grade, she has informed her mother that she is comfortable reciting the pledge, her father made this claim based on his own feelings. As long as the statement â€Å"Under God† is not offending anyone it should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance to be recited by all willing students and teachers. The constitution assures immunity to anyone who offends any other human being in practicing their own religious beliefs or if they were to offend the religious views of others, if they are the majority or minority. The constitution does not however guarantee an exemption from doing what socie... ... opinion. The words â€Å"Under God† is not meant to directly offend anyone. It should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance for those willing participants to recite. Bibliography Ager, Susan. â€Å"Pledge of Allegiance Deserves Attention†. Monterey Country The Herald. 2 April 2004 Hamilton, Marci A. â€Å" Why the Department of Justice is wrong to support ‘Under God’†. Posted 2:10 PM EST. 26 March 2004. Harrison, Maureen. Gilbert, Steve. Landmark Decisions of the United States Supreme Court II. La Jolla, California. Copyright 1992. By Excellent Books. Muqaribu, Mudhillun. Letter. New York Times. Published 3/29/2004. Late Edition. Final Section A. Column 6. Page 20. Taylor, Bonnie B. Education and the Law. Contemporary Legal Issues. Santa Barbara, California. Copyright 1996. Pg. 252-253 God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance Essay -- Argumentative P God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance One of the most controversial issues, if â€Å"Under God† should remain in the pledge, and if children should be required to say it, went to court a few weeks ago. The argument was brought to court by Michael Newdow, the father to the girl on whose behalf the lawsuit was brought forward. Newdow argued in court and on many different public speaking occasions that knowing his child is being led to say â€Å"One nation under God† on a daily basis makes him feel â€Å"Disenfranchised†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). He points out that â€Å"The Pledge, which has â€Å"liberty for all† is being used to inculcate his daughter in a religious worldview he cannot accept†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). This means that the state is trying to educate his daughter on religion, and therefore â€Å"Under God† is unconstitutional. Michael Newdow does not have custody of his daughter; he is an atheist who feels his daughter is not being treated fairly because she is of the minority belief in religion. His wife a born again Christian, says their daughter has no trouble including God in the Pledge of Allegiance. Their daughter is in the second grade, she has informed her mother that she is comfortable reciting the pledge, her father made this claim based on his own feelings. As long as the statement â€Å"Under God† is not offending anyone it should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance to be recited by all willing students and teachers. The constitution assures immunity to anyone who offends any other human being in practicing their own religious beliefs or if they were to offend the religious views of others, if they are the majority or minority. The constitution does not however guarantee an exemption from doing what socie... ... opinion. The words â€Å"Under God† is not meant to directly offend anyone. It should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance for those willing participants to recite. Bibliography Ager, Susan. â€Å"Pledge of Allegiance Deserves Attention†. Monterey Country The Herald. 2 April 2004 Hamilton, Marci A. â€Å" Why the Department of Justice is wrong to support ‘Under God’†. Posted 2:10 PM EST. 26 March 2004. Harrison, Maureen. Gilbert, Steve. Landmark Decisions of the United States Supreme Court II. La Jolla, California. Copyright 1992. By Excellent Books. Muqaribu, Mudhillun. Letter. New York Times. Published 3/29/2004. Late Edition. Final Section A. Column 6. Page 20. Taylor, Bonnie B. Education and the Law. Contemporary Legal Issues. Santa Barbara, California. Copyright 1996. Pg. 252-253

A Case Analysis of Calyx and Corolla Essay -- Flower Companies Busines

A Case Analysis of Calyx and Corolla This analysis focuses on the case study of Calyx & Corolla, a mail order flower company. Calyx & Corolla is a relatively new company that utilizes a different distribution channel than conventional companies for fresh flowers. Calyx & Corolla mails flowers direct from the growers to the customers via Federal Express and eliminates the middleman (Appendix A). This permits Calyx & Corolla to provide fresher, longer-lasting flowers to consumers. The management of Calyx & Corolla is contemplating a change in their long-term business strategy as they examine their ability to compete with more traditional outlets such as retail flower shops and wire services like FTD. Ruth Owades, the founder of Calyx & Corolla, has hired Marketing Consultants (MarCo) to assess the strengths and weaknesses of her business and make recommendations on how her company can fully develop their mail order concept. Background: Calyx & Corolla is a small mail order flower company that was founded in 1988 by Ruth Owades. Ms. Owades secured $2 million in capital from approximately 18 different investors in order to launch the company. By 1991, Calyx & Corolla exceeded $10 million in annual sales and Owades and her associates were reassessing the firm's long-term growth strategy (Wylie and Salmon, 1991). Up to this point, Calyx & Corolla was primarily a mail order company, but management is now considering expanding their market and is unsure of how they should proceed. Recently, a well-financed venture capital-backed start-up failed and Calyx & Corolla acquired some of its assets. Another unproven competitor recently entered the market, financed by a large Japanese conglomerate. The company's success is primarily due to a few key employees. Ruth Owades plays a major part in the selection and pricing of flowers and other merchandise that appears in the catalog. Fran Wilson, the vice president of operations, is responsible for customer orders and service, day-to-day communications with growers, systems development, and finance. Ann Hayes Lee is responsible for merchandise development and catalog creation and production. She is also responsible for non-direct mail initiatives that are aimed at accelerating the growth of the business. Calyx & Corolla espouses the values and creativity of these individuals and their employees. Taking into consi... ...ists will cost $20 C&C could find (1000) floral shops interested in selling C&C products at a substantial profit. C&C would allow floral shops to keep 30% of the sale Particpating floral shops would sell (1) C&C product per week The average sale at the florist shop would be $47.63 (from Appendix B) The average COGS at the florist shop would be $10.95 (from Appendix B) Sales Revenue Estimated C&C Estimated Floral Shop Number of Rate of Number of Sales Revenue Sales Revenue Catalogs Customer Orders per Order @ per Order @ Distributed Response Received $47.63 x 0.7 Average Sale $47.63 x 0.3 Average Sale 1000 52 52000 $1,733,732 $743,028 Costs of Goods Sold (COGS) Number of Rate of Number of Estimated Catalogs Customer Orders Cost of goods sold Distributed Response Received @ $10.95/sale 1000 52 52000 $569,400 Florist Derived Catalog Business Sales and Marking Costs (SMC) Number of Production & Number of Costs for Costs for Total Sales & Catalogs Mail Costs @Order Shipping Handling Marketing Costs Distributed $20/Catalog Received Orders Orders per Group 1000 $20,000 52000 $468,000 $260,000 $748,000 Sales Revenue - COGS - SMC for Catalog Sales for C&C = $416,332

Sauna pants

The pants are simple to wear with adjust-ability in waists and thighs but still, since it has limited sizes to fit all types of body shape for both men and women, there are complaints grading inconvenience among users' reviews. You have the option to dial your desired temperature, but by sacrificing the moving-around due to the 4- inch cord. On the other hand, it is guaranteed 100% money back in 90 days after purchase for the relatively reasonable price $29. 99 – $39. 95 (compared to a standard sauna normally around $40-$60).No matter how promising this product may sound, if you wish to lose real weight this is not a desirable equipment. One deficiency is no clinical test or patent being mentioned; hence, skin irritations or other health-related problems like infertility are upon your own risk. Like how the claim ingeniously claims, the user just gets rid of some extra water weight, a small amount of weight that will be easily gained back during a re-hydration session. No musc le workouts or any kind of physical activities is needed while the real weight loss plan lies in the reduction of fat volume, leaving muscle and water remained.Same heating mechanism to accelerate water weight loss, we have another apparel item, the sauna suit. Unlike the sauna pants, the sauna suit â€Å"features high insulation and low water vapor permeability, due to the thickness and the lit-layered fabric design†, then serves as a major physiologic defense against overheating through sweating during vigorous physical activity, which makes it by far a more effective product in support of weight loss according to a research about sport bra and integral fitted sauna suit.Regarding the warm, relaxed treatment for soothing sore joints or tight muscles, it is just a temporarily relieved feel due to the heat, which a light intensity of exercise or a heating pad can do the same with far lesser cost. Legend the discussed understandings, would not use it for the sake of losing wei ght, nor commend it to anyone. This product is no use in any perspectives, also promotes laziness towards work-outs and unrealistic crave for healthy well- being with no effort.

Rh Bill

St. Jude College civilise of maneuver Science and Education Manila A Term Paper Submitted as a Requirement For the Subject Filipino regimen and Constitution Submitted By Jim Waine C. Averilla Karissa Helene B. Salvador Submitted To Dios papao B. Lopega March 27, 20 HISTORYAccording to the Sen take in Policy Brief titled Promoting procreative wellness, the history of generative health in the Filipinos dates gumption to 1967 when breaking winders of 12 countries including the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos bespeaked the declaration of race The Philippines agreed that the universe of discourse worry should be con statusred as the tip element for long-term sparingal evolution.Thus, the flock focus was created to foment for a gl ar family size norm and stick come out culture and services to get-goer fertility rates. Starting 1967, the USAID started raiseing 80% of the tot up family designateiness commodities (contraceptives) of the country, which coreed to US$ 3 bingle million million annu completelyy. In 1975, the get together States adopted as its insurance polity theNational Security matter Memorandum 200 Implications of piecewide existence Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests (NSSM200). The policy gives paramount importance to greenness riches assert prizes and the promotion of contraception among 13 thickly settled countries, including the Philippines to control rapid state produce which they deem to be inimical to the socio-political and frugal addition of these countries and to the theme interests of the coupled States, since the U. S. conomy forget require large and increasing amounts of minerals from wholly overseas, and these countries female genitalia produce destabilizing op mark squeezes against the United States. It recommends the US leadership to influence national leaders and that improved world-wide contain for tribe-related efforts should be sought through increase idiom on mass media and opposite universe statement and motivation programs by the UN, USIA, and USAID. un equal presidents had different transmits of emphasis. prexy Marcos pushed for a systematic dispersal of contraceptives either over the country, a policy that was ejaculateed coercive, by its leading administrator. The Cory Aquino administration localisesed on giving couples the discipline to hold in the follow of kidskinren they p cite, dapple the Ramos presidency shifted from macrocosm control to commonwealth anxiety. Estrada harbor assorted methods of step-d give fertility rates, objet dart Arroyo cogitate on mainstreaming inborn family supplying, while stating that contraceptives argon openly sold in the country.In 1989, the Philippine Legislators mission on sight and discip limn (PLCPD) was established, dedicated to the formulation of vi equal benignantkind policies requiring legislation on universe of discourse superintendment and socio- stintingal de velopment. In 2000, the Philippines signed the Millennium Declaration and committed to attain the MDG goals by 2015, including promoting grammatical gender par and health. In 2003, USAID started its phase pop of a 33-year-old program by which separated contraceptives were habituated to the country.Aid recipients such as the Philippines confront the challenge to p arntage its ingest contraception program. In 2004, the Department of Health introduced the Philippines pr planetative Self-Reliance Strategy, arranging for the replacement of these gainations with domestically provided contraceptives. In marvellous 2010, the disposal proclaimed a collaborative work with the USAID in implementing a comprehensive marketing and communication theory strategy in party favor of family planning called May Plano Sila. Summary of criticismOpp binglents of the proscriptionk n wiz bespeak that (1) The worlds leading scientific experts fox intractable the issues related to the disti nction and describe that the RH pinnacle is based on harm economics as the 2003 Rand Corporation learn verbalises that thither is tiny cross-country test that existence yield impedes or promotes economic growing. (2) The metre takes a manner express mail giving medication funds from treating near(prenominal) elevated priority medical exam and food take ups and transfers them to fund objectively prejudicious and fiendishly devices.The latest studies in scientific journals and organizations show that the ordinary birth control pill, and the intrauterine device atomic number 18 abortifacient to 100-celled human embryos they shoot the embryonic human, who as such argon human organisms play polish offly worthy of respect, making the saddle unconstitutional. (3) US National exculpation Consultant, Li sensationl Tiger, has shown empirical evidence that contraceptives maintain poisonous social readys (abortion, premarital charge up, female person impoverish ment, nonplus slight children, youngage pregnancies, and brusqueness).Harvard School of semipublic Health scientist Edward Green observes that when mass remember theyre made safe by development condoms at least or so of the sequence, they in right submit in stakeier sex, in the phenomenon called gamble compensation. There is evidence for increased risk of rear endcer (breast, cervical, popliver) as whole several(prenominal) as significant increase of risk for heart attack and stroke for received spendrs of oral contraceptives. The increased usage of contraceptives, which implies that slightly babies ar unwanted, intromit foring eventually lead to much(prenominal) abortion the orrelation was shown in a scientific journal and ack right forthledged by pro-RH leaders, (4) Peoples freedom to plan of attack contraceptives is non confine by whatsoever opposing honor, being available in family planning NGOs, stores, etc.tera The country is non a public a ssistance state taxationpayers money should non be used for personal practices that be harmful and immoral it can be used to aver multitude of the harm of BCPs. (5) The penal provisions constitute a rape of free weft and conscience, and establishes religious persecution. prexy Aquino state he was non an author of the visor. He in any case stated that he gives across-the-board place upright to a firm community policy, educating pargonnts to be trusdeucerthy, providing contraceptives to those who postulate for them, n incessantlytheless he scrapss to promote contraceptive use. He verbalize that his position is much aptly called dissolving agentable line rather than procreative health. economic and demographic premises The Philippines is the 39th closely densely populated country, with a constriction over 335 per squared kilometer, and the state offset rate is 1. % (2010 Census), 1. 957% (2010 est. by CIA World feature Book), or 1. 85% (20052010 game non- homogeneous estimate by the UN universe of discourse Division, World nation Prospects The 2008 Revision) coming from 3. 1 in 1960. The 2010 total fertility rate (TFR) is 3. 23 births per woman, from a TFR of 7 in 1960. In addition, the total fertility rate for the richest quintile of the community is 2. 0, which is slightly(predicate) one third the TFR of the wretchedest quintile (5. 9 children per woman). The TFR for women with college education is 2. , virtually half that of women with tho an elementary education (4. 5 children per woman). instance Lagman states that the criterion recognizes the verifiable link amongst a huge population and pauperisation. unchecked population increase stunts socioeconomic development and aggravates impoverishment. The University of the Philippines School of Economics presented devil text file in support of the tip universe and Poverty the Real Score (2004), and Population, Poverty, political sympathies and the Reproductive Heal th tear (2008).According to these economists, which complicate Solita Monsod, Gerardo Sicat, Cayetano Paderanga, Ernesto M. Pernia, and Stella Alabastro-Quimbo, rapid population growth and high fertility rates, especially among the little, do change poverty and organize it harder for the political relation to speak to it, while at the same(p) cadence clarifying that it would be extreme to visual sense population growth as the principal front of poverty that would unspoiltify the governance resorting to draconian and coercive measures to deal with the worry (e. g. denial of basic services and subsidies to families with to a greater extent than cardinal children). They illustrate the connection mingled with rapid population growth and poverty by comparing the economic growth and population growth rates of Thai charge, In usurpesia, and the Philippines, wherein the kickoff two grew to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) rapidly than the Philippines pop-of-po cket to lower population growth rates. They accentuate that the experience from across Asia indicates that a population policy cum regime-funded family planning program has been a critical complement to sound economic policy and poverty reduction.In Population and Poverty, Aniceto Orbeta, Jr, showed that poverty incidence is higher among abundant families 57. 3% of Filipino families with seven children are in poverty while all 23. 8% of families who sustain two children live below the poverty threshold. Percentage of population living below poverty line (2003). Darker areas specify more poverty. Proponents argue that exquisite families and wider birth intervals turn outing from the use of contraceptives allow families to perpetrate more in each childs education, health, nutrition and eventually bring low poverty and hunger at the phratry level.At the national level, fertility reduction cuts the take up of social services with hardly a(prenominal)er state attending s chooling or want medical care and as pauperization eases for ho apply, transportation, jobs, water, food and otherwise natural resources. The Asian Development Bank in 2004 excessively listed a large population as one of the major causes of poverty in the country, together with weak macroeconomic management, exercise issues, an underperforming agricultural sector and an unfinished land reform agenda, brass instrument issues including flubion. Criticism of premisesOpponents refer to a 2003 register of Rand Corporation, which concluded that on that point is little cross-country evidence that population growth impedes or promotes economic growth population neutralism has in item been the dominant school in counting among academics more or less population growth for the last half-century. For example, the 1992 read of Ross Levine and David Renelt, which covered 119 countries over 30 eld (vs UP study of 3 countries over a few years). The RAND study in any case tell t hat a large population can promote growth given the right fundamentals.Thus, they refer to the HSBC 2012 projection for 2050 that the Philippines result be 16th largest thriftiness callable to its large growing population, and those whose populations are decrease depart suffer decline. In his basis which critiques the excite, Economist Roberto de Vera refers to Nobel prize winner Simon Kuznetss study which concludes that no clear association appears to exist in the present sample of countries, or is presumable to exist in other developed countries, between rates of growth of population and of product per capita. Julian Simon compared mate countries such as North and sulphur Korea, East and West Germany whose birthrates were often the same provided whose economic growth was solo different due to different governance factors. De Vera says that similar conclusions down been arrived at by the US National Research Council in 1986 and in the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) consult ative Meeting of Economists in 1992 and the studies of Hanushek and Wommann (2007), Doppelhoffer, Miller, Sala-I-Martin (2004), Ahlburg (1996), etc.The other Nobel plunder winner who expressed the same keep an eye on is Gary Becker. De Vera also states that from 1961 to 2000, as Philippine population increased almost lead times, poverty decreased from 59% to 34%. He stressed that the more probable cause of poor families is non family size but the limited schooling of the fieldhold head up 78% to 90% of the poor households had heads with no high school diploma, preventing them from getting better paying jobs.He refers to studies which show that 90% of the time the poor want the children they have as religious serviceers in the farm and induement for a secure old age. Instead of aiming at population decrease, De Vera stressed that the country should focus through education on cashing in on a possible demographic dividend, a period of rapid economic growth that can happens when the labor force is growing faster than the dependents (children and elderly), olibanum reducing poverty importantly.In a recent development, two authors of the Reproductive Health measuring changed their bristle on the provisions of the short letter regarding population and development. Reps. Emerciana de Jesus and Luzviminda Ilagan wanted to delete three provisions which state that gender equality and women empowerment are central elements of procreative health and population and development, which integrate answerable parenthood and family planning programs into anti-poverty initiatives, and which name the Population Commission as a arrange body.The two party-list representatives strongly state that poverty is not due to over-population but because of discrepancy and corruption. Opponents also refer to the statement of the conspiracy of Free Farmers that history teaches roughly the economic advantages of a large population, and the disadvantages of a smaller population. The Wall Street Journal in July 2012 give tongue to that Aquinos promotion of a reproductive health bill is jarring since it could lead to a demographic trap of to a fault few workers.The Philippines doesnt have too many people, it has too few pro-growth policies. Opposing the bill, Former finance Secretary Roberto de Ocampo wrote that it is in truth disingenuous for anyone to come about on the premise that the poor are to blame for the nations poverty. He emphasized that the government should apply the rule of maiden things first and focus on the root causes of the poverty (e. g. poor governance, corruption) and apply many other alternatives to solve the problem (e. g. giving up pork barrel, facts of life tax collection efficiency).They also point to the fiver factors for high economic growth and reduction of poverty shown by the 2008 Commission on Growth and Development headed by Nobel prize winner Michael Spence, which does not entangle population control. Status Legi slature On 31 January 2011, half-dozen different bills were coalesced into a angiotensin-converting enzyme RH annotation which was then unanimously approved for plenary debate by the domiciliate direction on Population and Family Relations. On 7 February 2011, the bill was scheduled to go sooner the plate Appropriations Committee. 6 February 2011 the bill was endorsed by the House Appropriations Committee with amendment and referred back to the Population Committee for finalizing the language. electric chair and Cabinet President Noynoy Aquino during the presidential campaign verbalise that it confounds him wherefore he is al modalitys associated with the RH bank bill and reiterated that he is neither an author nor a co-author, much less did he sign the committee report regarding the bill. He say that he ordain largey support the crafting of a firm policy that allow for address the serious problem on population. At the same time, Aquino said that insubstantial contra ception was a matter of choice and conscience and that health professionals who fool people into using artificial contraceptives should be penalized. As a Catholic, Aquino said he himself was not promoting artificial contraception but guesss that the government should be able to provide it to Filipinos who ask for it. Aquino stressed Im a Catholic, Im not promoting it. My position is more aptly called responsible parenthood rather than reproductive health.According to Rina Jimenez David who is pro-RH, during the Women Deliver Philippines multitude held September 2010, Dinky Soliman, Aquinos Secretary of societal Welfare and Development, said that choice and access constituted the keystone of the Aquino governments policy, reiterating the administrations support for the unfinished reproductive health bills. On celestial latitude 2010, the Cabinet and the CBCP agreed to have a joint campaign providing full information on the advantages and risks of contraceptives, natural and ar tificial family planning and responsible parenthood.They have established a technical working group for this purpose. They also agreed that government will not be an instrument to enforce or violate the conscience of the people about these issues. However, by April 2011 the President has given his full support to the consummate RH quantity in a speech at the University of the Philippines and promised to push for its passage even at the risk of excommunication. Compromise and alternativesSenate President Juan panderer Enrile, Congressman Roilo Golez and Buhay party-list separately filed bills that conk to define abortion and birth control use. These bills have been seen either as a override of the RH visiting card, its alternative, or as a way of achieving unity among the populace, since the RH send proponents have stated their concern in preventing abortion. Presidential candidate Gilbert Teodoro or Gibo suggested a cash transfer from the government to single(a)istics wan ting access to family planning methods, whether natural or artificial.The individuals can then make use of the cash they receive to bargain for birth control devices they whitethorn choose, thus guaranteeing freedom of choice. The Loyola School of Theology and the arse J. Carroll Institute on State and church Issues issued 9 Talking Points on the RH bill poster. Among other points, they proposed a study on the meaning of conception in the Constitution, and if it gist fertilization, abortifacients are to be banned even now and disregarding of whether the RH bill sticker is passed.They also proposed parallel programs for providing information and training, one for Natural Family Planning (NFP) and another for artificial methods of family planning. Columnist Jose Sison of the Philippine Star criticized this a Catholic School of theology has actually proposed in public, the use of tax payers money to train Filipinos to expend methods that are objectively and intrinsically evil -minded and cites empirical evidence and scientific proofs substantiative the harmful and evil effects of contraceptives to individuals and to partnership. upstart eventsIn September 2010, Aquino during this visit to the US reiterated his offer that he is in favor of responsible parenthood and respects the decision of each couple as to the number of children they want, and if they choose the government support for contraception, then the government will provide it. This statement has created a furor as Catholic church leaders say that Aquino has sold out the Filipino soul in swop for more or less measly aid from the United States. The President of the Catholic Bishops Conference said that at that place can possibly be an excommunication of the President if he continues on with his stance.Pro RH Bill Senators encouraged the President to be steadfast to do his duties towards the state. The Presidents phonation Edwin Lacierda explained that the President has not changed his s tand and is stretch out to the prelates and said that the President himself has not made any decision in support of the Reproductive Health Bill as he is still poring over the document. Lacierda said that the Executive Branch is not involved in the passage of the RH bill, saying the measures fate rests touch only on the legislative branch. Filipino Freethinkers, an association of agnostics, atheists, progressives, etc. , who have been actually active in the fight in favor of the RH bill, stepped up the pressure, creating more controversy that blast up renewed interest in the bill on two sides. On 30 September 2010, one of the freethinkers, Carlos Celdran represent a protest action against the Catholic Church, holding a sign which read DAMASO a reference to the villainous, corrupt man of the cloth Father Damaso of the novel Noli Me Tangere by Filipino revolutionary writer Jose Rizal and shouting reverse getting involved in government A fan page, Free Carlos Celdran was cr eated in Facebook, which generated 23,808 fans in 24 hours. Francisco Montalvan of the Inquirer said that in the end the Damasos are the scheming, corrupt and deceptive people, implying that the pro-death advocates are these, while the primordial Rosales who started a nationwide fund for the poor is very far from Damaso. Meanwhile, the imaum Council of the Philippines, the top leaders of the Moslem population which at 4. M constitutes 5% of the Philippine population, declared that they are against contraceptives since using them underestimates God, and makes one lose morality in the process. During the first public hearing on 24 Nov, the chair of the Committee on Population handling the bill said that there is no instruction from the vocaliser of the House to expedite the bill. Upon the call of anti-RH congressmen, the Committee pass firm to refer the bill also to the Committee on Health, since the bill is about Reproductive Health. loss leader of the pro-RH group, Elizabeth Ansioco, said that the bill is doomed if it is referred to the Committee on Health. Anti-RH De roamy loudspeaker system Congressman Pablo Garcia said the members of the Committee on Health know of the WHO announcement on the carcinogenicity of combined estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives. House loudspeaker system Belmonte said that Congress is not likely to rush the legislation of the bill and will tackle it in plenary ahead of time next year. Belmonte said it is better that passing contentious bills be given more attention.On 3 declination, the Senate cut the proposed budget of P 880M for contraceptives down to P 8M for condoms since other contraceptives violate the Constitutions ban on abortifacients, and Senator Tito Sotto 3 said that his constituents never asked for contraceptives. On 27 July 2012, the Speaker of the House adjudicated to put to a vote by 7 overbearing 2012 whether the debates have to be terminated. In response, pro-life groups and the Catholic Bish ops Conference of the Philippines have decided to call for a Prayer force Rally, on 4 August 2012 at the historic Edsa Shrine.Meanwhile, 6 co-authors of the bill withdrew support, with the head of the minority group of the house declaring that 8 of their group are withdrawing their antecedent support for the bill. Congressional approval and presidential assent At 3 in the morning on celestial latitude 13, 2012, the House of Representatives voted on encourage reading in favor of the bill with 113109, while five representatives abstained. In the upper house, the Senate voted on December 18, 2012 to pass the bill on second reading with 138, while Senators Sergio Osmena, III and Lito Lapid were absent.On the same twenty-four hours, both houses passed the bill on the third and final reading. Members of the House of Representatives voted 13379, while seven representatives abstained. The Senate registered 138, the same result as the second reading. On December 19, 2012, both recitals of the bill were passed to the Bicameral Committee to produce a final version to be signed by the President Aquino. The committee quickly passed the bill in just one session.It was transmitted back to the House of Representatives and the Senate, which both ratified the bill, with the Senate balloting 115 in favor of ratification, and the House of Representatives voting via voice vote. On December 21, 2012, President Aquino signed the bill into natural law, codifying the bill as Republic get along No. 10354, otherwise known as the obligated Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. News of the signing was denote by House Majority Leader Neptali Gonzales II on December 28, 2012. Reactions Averilla, Jim Waine C.Philippine regimen & Constitution I used to support the RH bill. But finding out the verity behind it, neither would you. I believe this law will put the Filipinos at risk of experimental extinction because at its very core, the RH law is an elongation of a secret, global conspiracy, a occidental attempt, to apply principles of eugenics on unsuspecting, inferior populations in order to prevent them from the human evolutionary process, at the end of which would, at the highest point, call forth the master race. The truth is in our hearts, we just have to harken to it.At first my interpretation of the RH bill led me to think that it was just a bill meant to assistance educate the uninstructed about ways to prevent them from fornicating their way to a very handsome fiscal moorage. My unlettered mind devised some simple points as to why the RH Bill was right. I fantasise 1. Minimum pay of a non-agricultural Filipino worker is P404. 2. If there were 20 working days in a month, the average minimum absorb earning Filipino would earn around P8000 a month. 3. In average that person ate food on a fixture basis, he will spend about around P70/day on food.There are 20 days in a month, so I guess that would equal to P2100 a month. 4. But if t his person had a partner, he world power want to diet her too. Feeding her would cost another P2100 a month. 5. P8000 P4200 = P3800 6. If this person and his wife rented a home, or used electricity and bathed from time to time, the amount left from his salary would be significantly fastend. Lets say their utility bills and rend amounted to P1800 7. P3800 P1800 = P2000 8. P2000 is a lot of money, but I weart think they should have more than 3 children right?Babies need milk, diapers, toys, privilege injections, bodge medicine, etc 9. From this lets take off that babies cost money. If babies cost money, I theorized that having more babies would cost more money. And from this data, I see that a person who spent a lot of money on children, but I didnt earn a lot of money, would soon be skint and unable to provide for both himself and his children. another(prenominal) word for broke situation is poverty. 10. I believe that a person can quash being poor by making less babies. So , I thought that steps should be taken to inform people about this very little known fact.I also thought that the government should make contraceptives accessible so that people who adoptt earn a lot can properly manage the little resources that they have. Thats why I supported the RH Bill. But now I know that I was revile. I believe that the issue of the RH Bill is not a religious issue. The RH Bill is defective because it assumes that the Philippines is overpopulated. -I agree. I, myself, have observed that the Philippines is not overpopulated. In fact, if you use your common sense and think about it, you will realize a few things 1. We are not overpopulatedLook at the mountains, the jungles, the caves and the marine floor. There are no people there 2. If we were really overpopulated, we would have dogfight traveling. But if you go to EDSA, theres no traffic. When you ride the MRT, its not packed with people. 3. Students in public schools are well educated because the teach er to scholarly person ratio is very low. In fact, because of our low population the government can fundamentally guarantee that all public school students are provided books, notebooks and other school supplies. The RH Bill is wrong because it assumes that contraceptives are well-grounded for mankind and women. 1. I agree, the RH Bill/ justice is not good for women because it might draw a woman away from her one, true, universal purpose the uninterrupted employment of healthy babies 2. Furthermore, the role of women in society and the universe is to make babies. Thats why God made women. Thats their sole purpose in life. Theyre not good for anything else. Ever wonder why there are no women in the clergy? Because theyre not good enough. 3. Contraceptives would allow women to please the benefits of physical intimacy while maintaining a successful and productive career, if she so chooses.That is so wrong. Only men should be able to enjoy that privilege. 4. Women should get sign ificant all(prenominal) single time they have sex and only immoral women enjoy sex without the possibility of conception. In fact, a better alternative would be for women, in general, to follow the example made by Mother Mary to learn how to carry without having sex. The RH Bill/Law will put Filipinos at risk of extinction 1. Population decline is just detrimental for nations. Just look at the countries which have a declining population Italy, Japan and Singapore. Theyre in such a bad shape.The Philippines obviously has a better economy and has a higher literacy rate than these countries. In fact, many Italians, Japanese, and Singaporeans go to the Philippines for work. That only goes to show that a decline in population is bad for the economy. Our population is our spoiledgest asset 1. In my opinion, people should make as many babies as they can because the population is not a problem. In fact, the more babies a person has, the more assets he has. obturate real estate prop erties, stock investments, or Jollibee franchises. The real secret to increased wealth is babies. 2.If you have 15 babies, youre practically wealthy because babies are assets 3. If you need money, you can sell them 4. If you can keep them living until they can walk, they can one day beg for money in the streets theyre going to have to anyway because theres no way in hell youll be able to provide for all of them on your own 5. If ever a person is not able to feed the 15 babies he made, its the governments fault, because its the governments sole responsibility to make sure that every Filipino baby is fed. 6. The best way a person can afford to this country is to contribute to its population. The RH Bill/Law is wrong because it assumes that reproductive education and contraceptives will effectively reduce cases of abortion. 1. Reproductive/contraceptive education will have no effect on the number of abortion cases. In my opinion, these abortion cases will not fall because women w ill continue to have abortions regardless of whether they are pregnant or not. 2. Abortions cannot be prevented. Its just something that women naturally do. ilk shopping, for example. The RH Bill/Law is wrong because it will make people move into in extra-marital and pre-marital sex. 1.The RH Bill/Law will practically encourage our people to engage in immoral activities. 2. We must protect our moral values and worsen the RH Bill. Because, currently, not a single Filipino engages in pre-marital sex or extra-marital sex. Well at least this is what we believe until to this day. 3. The root cause of extra-marital and pre-marital sex is ones exposure to contraceptives. There is just something in contraceptives that people find very arousing. 4. In western countries, men enticement strange women into bed by shown those condoms. 5. If we ban condoms, absolutely no one would engage in premarital or extra-marital sex. The RH Bill/Law is wrong because it assumes that parents dont teach their children about sex. 1. The truth is that parents talk to their children about sex all the time. Its so not awkward. The dad usually tells his children how he takes off all his clothes, does a sexy Tiger grunt and makes sweet, sweet music with their mothers body. 2. Also, a fetch usually advises his girlfriend that if shes going to have sex with her boyfriend, she should use a condom. Sometimes the father even drives the daughter to the boyfriends house and waits for the couple to finish 3.Filipino daughters dont have sex without the fathers permission. Unwanted pregnancies or teen pregnancies never happen to Filipino girls. Thats why we do not need the RH Law The RH Bill is a conspiracy. Its all lies, all lies Salvador, Karissa Helene Philippine Government & Constitution It is very much unfortunate, disappointing, and alarming that nobody in the mainstream media talks about the veto, unintended consequences of the fascist Reproductive Health bill, now called Responsible Parenthood bill, on the countrys vexation sector, in particular small businesses.I decimate this legislative marriage offer primarily because its anti-reason, anti-individualism, and anti-capitalism. In other words it is against individual rights, liberty and economic freedom. This is just one of the many aspects of the bill that it can negatively impact the countrys industry, particularly small business establishments that employ millions of professionals and technical and even unskilled workers. Lets take a small cafeteria, canteen, or publishing house near your place. value about the small establishments and bar and eating place stools in malls and many places in the metro.These small businesses that put two to ten or so people will be one of the main targets of the RH bill supported by some misguided, honest hippies who are mostly schooled and professionals. besides nobody wants to talk about this issue. Its as if these pro-RH bill hippies and fanatics think that weal th is created by wishful thinking, that is, by just now passing an intrusive, rights-violating bill supposedly designed to help the poor and women. What these anti-population and pro-regulation advocates dont know is that the proposed legislative measure is itself a big insult to the poor and women.It is anti-poor and anti-women. The RH bill is a big insult to the poor because it treats them as dependent, parasites, worthless, or a leech who but deposit on other peoples extorted money or alms. Authors of the consolidated bill argue that one of the principal objectives of their super moderate, anti-intellectual measure is to help reduce poverty and achieve sustainable human development. Still, what these political idiots do not and refuse to understand is that the government has no fiscal capability to deliver the promises of their measure because it is already bankrupt.The government, which is the worst parasite in this country, is not a productive agency or entity. It can only deliver some of the promised public services by using state force, like taxation, regulation, and forcible immolation of some social sectors like businessmen and health care providers. The consolidated RH law is a huge insult to women and this is what statistician does not understand because it run acrosss them as inferior, ignorant, weak, having no mental, physical and emotional capability to decide on her own and to protect herself.It treats women as ignorant and weak because the laws advocates believe that they need to pass a highly intrusive, unconstitutional legislative proposal of marriage to provide them the information and services they need. Also, the proposal is a big insult to every Filipino family because it treats parents as irresponsible, ignorant, weak, lazy, and having no readiness to make informed, responsible family decisions. It is stated that the laws primary goal is to help give parents the opportunity to exercise their right to freely and responsibly plan the number and spacing of their children. Thats the other way of saying that Filipino parents are not free and badly need the help and assistance of the state so to responsibly plan the number and spacing of their children. The bills highly mediocre and ignorant explanatory note adds The bill is genuinely rights-based. It mandates the provision of all forms of family planning, both newfangled natural and artificial, to women and couples as long as they are legal and medically-safe, and truly effective. However, the betrothal and adoption is the option and decision of parents and couple, particularly women. If thats the case, why is there a need to pass the bill? The answer is because this is not what the bill is all about. In truth and in reality, it is about more political power Its about putting the entire business industry, medical profession and education sector under the total control and supervision of the state. In general, the bill is a BIG bruise to the entire Filipino nation that has someway embraced rational principles and the concept of freedom and individual rights. Those who ignorantly, naively take the consolidated bill at its face value will certainly accept the contradictory slogans.There are two sides of the consolidated bill the fantasy side and the reality side. The measures fantasy side can be readily gleaned from its highly ignorant explanatory note, which is filled with supportive statistics and some tragical information about the plight of the poor and women. They did not state how except the fact that they enumerated the bills nice-to-hear intents and provisions. The reality side of the measure is that all those promised, stated RH services would be covered or delivered by sacrificing, enslaving employers and health care providers.Section 18 states Employers Responsibilities- The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) shall batten that employers respect the reproductive rights of workers. Consistent with the intent of Artic le 134 of the Labor Code, employers with more than two hundred (200) employees shall provide reproductive health services to all employees in their own respective health facilities. Those with less than two hundred (200) workers shall enter into partnerships with hospitals, health facilities, or health professionals in their areas for the economy of reproductive health services.Employers shall furnish in piece the quest information to all employees and applicants (a) The medical and health benefits which workers are entitled to, including maternalism and paternity leave benefits and the availability of family planning services (b) The reproductive health hazards associated with work, including hazards that may affect their reproductive functions especially pregnant women and (c) The availability of health facilities for workers.What does this section mean? Section 17 details the bills horrible fantastic scheme. So once the fascist bill is approved, any electromotive force or as piring employer would be covered by it, which fashion that he/she would be legally regarded as an indirect government employee. The employers or companies who have the capacity (with more than 200 employees) would be mandated by law to provide reproductive health services to all employees in their own respective health facilities. This provision performer that those employers and companies with more than 200 employees need to have their own health facilities, and this means spare expenses on the part of job-creators. On the other hand, employers with less than 200 employees shall enter into partnerships with hospitals, health facilities, and/or health professionals in their areas for the delivery of reproductive health services. Logic tells us that since employers and companies would be legally required to shoulder excess expenses, then they are reassert to increase the prices of their products and/or services.Does anyone think of hurt CONTROL? The state control of the entir e medical industry is laid out under Sections 20 (Implementing Mechanisms) and 22(1) on banned acts. The penalty that awaits erring, non-compliant employers and health care providers could be imprisonment ranging from one (1) month to six months or fine of P10,000 to P50,000 or both. This means that any employer may be sued by his/her employees for non-compliant with the intents and provisions of the bill.Once the RH bill is approved, anyone who thinks of starting line a business, whether big or small, should hand the measures punitive provisions, some necessary expenses, and the need to deal with government regulators. In the United States, hundreds companies left the Democratic-infested atomic number 20 because of the states too much regulations and anti-business policies. This is why I have been sexual intercourse my blog readers that the bill is NOT simply about serving the alleged interests of the poor and women it is PRIMARILY about MORE authorities REGULATIONS.The bill i s about nanny statism or BIG GOVERNMENT. Already, many foreign investors do not want to invest in the Philippines because of its high tax rates, excessive economic regulations, pro-employee labor courts, leftist-activist court justices, among others. The Doingbusiness. orgrecently ranked Philippines 148th in terms of ease in doing business and 156th in terms of starting business. In terms of paying taxes, the country has been ranked 124th. Corporations pay a total tax rate (% profit) of 45. 8 percent If approved, the RH bill would have the following negative impacts on small business . It would be more difficult to start a new business considering the fact the the bill criminalizes the mere act of doing business and its regulative, interventionist provisions. 2. Employers would be forced to make special expenses so to cover the RH care unavoidably of their employees. 3. Since they are forced to make additional expenses, they might consider laying off some of their workers for surv ival. 4. Since they are forced to lash out additional expenses, they might not accept new applicants, a situation that would worsen the countrys unemployment rate. . Since they are forced to showcase out additional expenses, they might consider some of the following survival measure 1) salary cut, 2) less bonus or benefits, 3) cost cutting, 4) no expansion, 5) close business. 6. Since they are forced to shell out additional expenses, they might consider PRICE INCREASE. 7. There would be more informal sectors (unlisted, unregistered businesses) so to avoid paying more taxes and complying with government regulations. 8. electric potential and existing employers would be considered a crude CLASS OF CRIMINALS or ENEMY OF sociable JUSTICE. . Those who have the money and resources would rather invest in a business-friendly economic purlieu like Hong Kong, India and other Asian countries. 10. Employers would simply shrug. You can help the poor without enslaving and treating businessme n, doctors and some other people as potential criminals or enemies of social progress. Think like a human being, not like a parasite You dont help the poor and the marginalized by funding the RH bill its both the big and small businesses that can truly help them