Music in William Shakespeare’s Plays :: Biography Biographies Essays

Music in Shakespeare’s Plays    Elizabethans, during the time of the notorious William Shakespeare (1564-1616), were extremely sensitive to beauty and grace and had an undying enthusiasm for music and poetry. Music was a vital part of Elizabethan society; it was thought that a man who could not read music or understand it was poorly educated. The common entertainment and amusement was centered on music, song, and dance, people of all classes enjoyed the splendor of the music at this time. Since music was so popular and so widely understood, it is little wonder that most Elizabethan plays, including Shakespeare’s plays, have music in them.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare uses music in his plays for several reasons, all of which are extremely significant. The first is evident in which music was so popular during this time that it influenced the performed plays. Shakespeare had a mixed audience who enjoyed and attended his plays. Music, which was understood practically universally allowed everyone to understand his plays and relate to them more easily. If people did not understand the language or the plot, the music could make it easier for them to follow along.      Secondly, on the stage music played a very important role. Music contributed to the atmosphere and set the mood in many of Shakespeare’s plays.   There was a special musicians’ gallery above the stage, the music sometimes was played on the stage, and there were occasions when it was played under the stage to achieve an eerie effect. During comedy plays gentle songs would be played with the lute and during tragedies and histories the sounds of trumpets and drums would echo through the theater. For example, if a king entered the trumpets would sound and everyone would know who it was. The Twelfth Night is also a good example; it includes instrumental serenades and rousing drinking songs, all to show the gaiety and sadness for the mood of the play.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some songs and music are intended to represent a soliloquy, when private thoughts and feelings are performed. Songs, music, and sound effects represent themes, tones, moods, emotions, and even people. Shakespeare, being a lyric poet, used fifty or more songs in his plays and wrote hundreds of stage directions calling for music.

Pinnacle Manufacturing Case

Original Work please INTEGRATED CASE APPLICATION –PINNACLE MANUFACTURING: PART II 9-37 (Objectives 9-7, 9-8) In Part I of the case, you performed preliminary analytical procedures for Pinnacle (pp. 245–247). The purpose of Part II is to identify factors influencing risks and the relationship of risks to audit evidence. During the planning phase of the audit, you met with Pinnacle’s management team and performed other planning activities. You encounter the following situations that you believe may be relevant to the audit: 1.Your firm has an employee who reads and saves articles about issues that may affect key clients. You read an article in the file titled, â€Å"EPA Regulations Encouraging Solar-Powered Engines Postponed? † After reading the article, you realize that the regulations management is relying upon to increase sales of this division might not go into effect for at least ten years. A second article is titled, â€Å"Stick to Diesel Pinnacle! â €  The article claims that although Pinnacle has proven itself within the diesel engine industry, they lack the knowledge and people necessary to perform well in the solar-powered engine industry. . You ask management for a tour of the Solar-Electro facilities. While touring the warehouse, you notice a section of solar-powered engines that do not look like the ones advertised on Pinnacle’s Web site. You ask the warehouse manager when those items were first manufactured. He responds by telling you, â€Å"I’m not sure. I’ve been here a year and they were here when I first arrived† 3. You also observe that new computerized manufacturing equipment has been installed at Solar-Electro. The machines have been stamped with the words, â€Å"Product of Welburn Manufacturing, Detroit, Michigan. 4. During a meeting with the facilities director, you learn that the board of directors has decided to raise a significant amount of debt to finance the construction of a new manufacturing plant for the Solar-Electro division. The company also plans to make a considerable investment in modifications to the property on which the plant will be built. 5. While standing in line at a vending machine, you see a Pinnacle vice president wearing a golf shirt with the words â€Å"Todd-Machinery† You are familiar with the company and noticed some of its repairmen working in the plant earlier.You tell the man you like the shirt and he responds by saying, â€Å"Thank you. My wife and I own the company, but we hire people to manage it. † 6. After inquiry of the internal audit team, you realize there is significant turnover in the internal audit department. You conclude the turnover is only present at the higher-level positions. 7. While reviewing Pinnacle’s long-term debt agreements, you identify several restrictive covenants. Two requirements are to keep the current ratio above 2. 0 and debt-to-equity below 1. 0 at all times. 8.While reading the footnotes of the previous year’s financial statements, you note that one customer, Auto-Electro, accounts for nearly 15% of the company’s accounts receivable balance. You investigate this receivable and learn it has been outstanding for several months. 9. The engagement partner from your CPA firm called today notifying you that Brian Sioux, an industry specialist and senior tax manager from the firm’s Ontario office, will be coming on-site to Pinnacle’s facilities to investigate an ongoing dispute between the Internal Revenue Service and Pinnacle. 0. A member of your CPA firm, who is currently on-site in Detroit at the Welburn division, calls you to see how everything is going while you are visiting Solar-Electro in Texas. During your conversation, he asks if you know anything about the recent intercompany loan from Welburn to Solar-Electro. 11. During discussions with the Pinnacle controller, you learn that Pinnacle employees did a significant amoun t of the construction work for a building addition.The controller stated that the work was carefully coordinated with the construction company responsible for the addition. Required a. Identify specific considerations from Parts I and II of the case that affect your assessments of engagement risk and acceptable audit risk. Use each of the three factors in the text to categorize your conclusions: External users’ reliance on financial statements Likelihood of financial difficulties Management integrity As the Independent Auditor I would require from Pinnacle, the client a Management Representation Letter.This is a letter an auditor is required to obtain from management at the conclusion of fieldwork, confirming representations explicitly or implicitly given to the auditor, indicating and documenting the continuing appropriateness of such representations, and reducing the possibility of misunderstanding regarding the representations. b. Assess acceptable audit risk as high, medi um, or low considering the items you identified in requirement a. (A risky client will be assessed as a low acceptable audit risk. I will identify the audit risk as high. c. Identify inherent risks for the audit of Pinnacle using the information from Parts I and II. For each inherent risk, identify the account or accounts that may be affected. (1)Related Parties – A reporting entity’s affiliates, principal owners, and management also, any members of their immediate families. Points of consideration is a Pinnacle VP owning Todd-Machinery, its repair men working at Pinnacle at the time the auditor was at field work, while standing in front of vending machine. 2) While reviewing Pinnacle’s long-term debt agreements, there were several restrictive covenants. Two requirements are to keep the current ratio above 2. 0 and debt-to-equity below 1. 0 at all times. This is an item of consideration of possibilities for Pinnacle to â€Å"cook the books† so as to keep in compliance with covenant. (3) There is a high turnover of employees. After inquiry of the internal audit team, you realize there is significant turnover in the internal audit department. You conclude the turnover is only present at the higher-level positions. 4) While reading the footnotes of the previous year’s financial statements, you note that one customer, Auto-Electro, accounts for nearly 15% of the company’s accounts receivable balance. This receivable and learn it has been outstanding for several months. This is an inherent risk of being a related party transaction wherein goods could be sold to Auto-Electro, a related party, but Pinnacle has not received collection of receivables because this is just to make the financial statements look good as having the sale.Revenue and Inventory accounts are affected. (5)There is an ongoing dispute between Pinnacle and Internal Revenue Service. 10-43 (Objective 10-5) In Parts I and II of this case, you performed prelimi nary analytical procedures and assessed acceptable audit risk and inherent risk for Pinnacle Manufacturing. Your team has been assigned the responsibility of auditing the acquisition and payment cycle and one related balance sheet account, accounts payable.The general approach to be taken will be to reduce assessed control risk to a low level, if possible, for the two main types of transactions affecting accounts payable: acquisitions and cash disbursements. The following are furnished as background information: A summary of key information from the audit of the acquisition and payment cycle and accounts payable in the prior year, which was extracted from the previous audit firm’s audit files (Figure 10-12) A flowchart description of the accounting system and internal controls for the acquisition and payment cycle (Figure 10-13,p. 34)—the flowchart shows that although each of the company’s three divisions has its own receiving department, the purchasing and acco unts payable functions are centralized The purpose of Part III is to obtain an understanding of internal control and assess control risk for Pinnacle Manufacturing’s acquisition and cash disbursement transactions. Required a. Familiarize yourself with the internal control system for acquisitions and cash disbursements by studying the information in Figure 10-12 and Figure 10-13. FIGURE 10-12 Information for Audit of Accounts Payable — Previous Year . Prepare a control risk matrix for acquisitions and a separate one for cash disbursements using Figure 10-5 on page 308 as a guide. A formatted control risk matrix is provided on the textbook Web site. The objectives should be specific transaction-related audit objectives for acquisitions for the first matrix and cash disbursements for the second matrix. See pages 608–612 in Chapter 18 for transaction-related audit objectives for acquisitions and cash disbursements. In doing Part III, the following steps are recommen ded: (1) Controls a.Identify key controls for acquisitions and for cash disbursements. After you decide on the key controls, include each control in one of the two matrices. b. Include a â€Å"C‚† in the matrix in each column for the objective(s) to which each control applies. Several of the controls should satisfy multiple objectives. (2) Deficiencies a. Identify key deficiencies for acquisitions and for cash disbursements. After you decide on the deficiencies, include each significant deficiency or material weakness in the bottom portion of one of the two matrices. Answer:During a meeting with the facilities director, you learn that the board of directors has decided to raise a significant amount of debt to finance the construction of a new manufacturing plant for the Solar-Electro division. The company also plans to make a considerable investment in modifications to the property on which the plant will be built. Auditing Presentation and Disclosure. a. Completeness T he auditor should ensure that all required disclosures related to accounts payable and purchases have been included in the notes to the financial statements. Required disclosures include: 1.Payables by type (trade, officer/ employee, affiliates) and term (short-term and long-term) 2. Purchase contracts and purchase commitments. 3. Related party purchases and payables 4. Expenses by segment b. Valuation, Allocation and Accuracy The auditor should read the footnotes and other information related to accounts payable and purchases to determine whether the information is accurate and presented at the appropriate amounts. c. Rights and Obligations and Occurrence The auditor should compare disclosures to other audit eveidence to ensure that all disclosed information related to accounts payable and purchases has occurred. . Understandability and Classification The auditor should read all accounts payable and purchase related disclosures to ensure that they are understandable. The auditor sh ould determine whether material long-term payables or non-trade payables require separate disclosure. b. Include a â€Å"D‚† in the matrix in each column for the objective(s) to which each significant deficiency or material weakness applies. (3) Assess control risk as high, medium, or low for each objective using your best judgment. Do this for both the acquisitions and cash disbursements matrices.Control risk is to be assessed as high therefore as auditor, I would increase my risk sampling. Expenditure Cycle A. Internal Control- Purchases The following functions in a purchase transaction should be segregated: 1. Purchase Requisition The purchase requisition starts the purchasing cycle. The department in need of the asset or services sends a properly approved, serially numbered requisition to the purchasing department. The requisitioning department should not have the authority to actually place the purchase order. This would indicate a weakness in internal control. 2. Purchase OrdersThe purchasing department should place the order only after giving proper consideration to the time to order and the quantity to order. The purchasing department should also obtain competitive bids from various suppliers to make sure that the best price is obtained. The purchase order is issued only after proper approval. For internal control purposes, it is best that pre-numbered purchase orders can be used. There should be multiple copies that will be sent to: (i) the requisitioning department; (ii) the vendor; (iii) the receiving department; and (iv) the accounting department.If the purchase order is canceled, all copies should be recalled and filed so that every purchase order number is accounted for. 3. Receipt of Goods or Services The copy of the purchase order sent to the receiving department serves as an authorization to accept the goods when they arrive. It is preferable that the copy not indicate the quantity ordered. Thus, the receiving department is forced to count the goods upon arrival. A receiving report is prepared by this department and forwarded to the accounting department. The goods are forwarded to the requisitioning department .B. Internal Control – Accounts Payable The accounting department has three functions: (i) to record the payable, (ii) to approve the invoice for payment; and (iii) to record the payment after it is paid by the Treasurer. 1. Recording the Payable The copy of the purchase order sent to the accounting department notifies them that there will be a future cash disbursement. The receiving report is compared with the purchase order and the vendor’s invoice as to the quantity to prevent payment of charges for goods in excess of those ordered and received.The accounting department records the goods as received in inventory, and records a payable. 2. Approving Invoice for Payment and Recording Payment When the invoice arrives, the accounting department approves it by matching the invoice, purchas e order, receiving report, and (sometimes) the requisition. When payment is made, the payable is reversed. The accounting department should ensure that the invoice amount is correct, and that it accurately reflects any purchase discounts, before approving it for payment. C. Internal Control – Cash DisbursementsIt is best for internal control purposes to pay invoices by check. For effective internal control, the functions of approving the payment and signing the checks should be segregated. Approved voucher packets (matched invoice, purchase order, receiving report, and requisition) prepared by the accounting department (Accounts Payable) are received by the Treasurer, who prepares, signs, and mails the checks and cancels all supporting documents after payment. Paid vouchers are returned to the accounting department for posting of the payment and filing of the documents.

Business Skills for e-commerce Essay - 1071 Words

UNIT 1 – Business Skills for e-Commerce Assignment No 1 – Sit 1 Assignment Cover Sheet Qualification HND MQC Level 5 - Diploma in Computing and Systems Development Assignment No Sit No Type Unit number and title U1 – Business Skills for e-Commerce 1/2 1 Academic Year Student Group Home 2013/2014 HND1 - PM Student Name Surname Student ID No Student Email Assessor name Assignment IV Date of Verification Stefan Attard Sarah Diacono 21st March 2014 Issue Date Deadline date Submitted Date 26th March 2014 16th April 2014 – 6pm Assignment title The Impact of e-Commerce on Organisations Student declaration I certify that the work submitted for this†¦show more content†¦It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands. In 2010, the BMW group produced 1,481,253 automobiles and 112,271 motorcycles across all its brands.† Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW Go to the website of BMW Group: http://www.bmwgroup.com/bmwgroup_prod/e/nav/index.html?http://www.bmwgroup.com/bmwgroup_ prod/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/home/home.html Prepare a preliminary report which includes your opinion, and diagrams with appropriate reasons. Following are the questions that you need to answer to achieve the criteria set, namely P1.1, P1.2, M1 and M2 Assessment criteria awarded to this task: Task 1: P1.1, M1: Questions: Met Not Met A. For P1.1 - Assess BMW’s core business functions. ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ B. For M1 - Effective judgements have been made ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ Met Not Met ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ Task 2: P1.2, M2: Questions: A. For P1.2 - Evaluate BMW’s business aims and show how they relate to its stakeholders. B. 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Chinese Funeral Traditions and Preparation

While Chinese funeral traditions vary depending on where the deceased person and his or her family are from, some basic traditions still apply. Funeral Preparation The job of coordinating and preparing  Chinese funerals falls on the children or younger family members of the deceased person. It is part of the Confucian principle of filial piety and devotion to one’s parents. Family members must consult the Chinese Almanac to determine the best date to hold the Chinese funeral ceremony. Funeral homes and local temples help the family prepare the body and coordinate the funeral rites. Announcements of the funeral are sent in the form of invitations. For most Chinese funerals, the invitations are white. If the person was age 80 or older, then the invitations are pink. Living until 80 or beyond is considered a feat worth celebrating and mourners should celebrate the person’s longevity rather than mourn. 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Ethical Dilemmas Of A Social Worker Essay - 1553 Words

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Science Fair Essay Example For Students

Science Fair Essay Science Fair Project 3/21/00Science 21Background InformationI tried to figure out how does the Wellesley tap water compare to the water of the surrounding towns. Before I started my test’s I guessed which town would have the best quality water without any initial data. I thought that Wellesley tap water would be the cleanest water in the area because Wellesley has the resources and the money to keep its water at a high quality. The objective of this project is to determine water content in various drinking water supplies and then rate then from most favorable to least favorable. For this, I needed a way to test the water quality. I eventually came upon a pet store called Pet World had a fresh water testing kit. This kit called the Deluxe Fresh Lab test for several aspects of water quality such as pH, Ammonia, Nitrite, Hardness, iron, carbon dioxide, and chlorine. In my tests I did not use all the test that new kit was equipped with, I only choose the aspects that I felt were harmful to humans and aspects that I felt relevant to the initial water quality. The towns I selected from around the Wellesley area were Natick, Weston, Needam, a nd Newton. I originally tested for pH, Ammonia, water hardness, nitrite, iron, water hardness, and chlorine. However, during my discussions with my mentor’s and when testing I found that testing for Ammonia, iron, and chlorine was not relevant to help me find my result. My tests involve the use of a color chart, which would, give a value to the amount of variable present in the water sample. I used distilled water as a control because the testing of the distilled water should always show the same result. These are the different components I tested, and why they were important to the water quality. Only I have explained how on the color chart the component is measured. pHpH, term indicating the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, a measure of the solutions acidity. The pH helps determines how corrosiveness the water is. A water source with a high pH is less likely to corrode the pipes in your home and in any other pipes which supplies water. An area with a lower pH level is more corrosive to your pipes. The composition of pH in tap water varies enormously from location to location depending on the source of the water and water treatment process. My freshwater test kit uses Zero as most acidic and 14 as most Basic in accordance with the color chart. Hardness (GH-KH)Water hardness is measured by the amount of calcium and magnesium salts in water. This natural property of water is demonstrated by the fact that soft tap water foams much easier when soap is added when magnesium and salts are not presented, then in salt water or water that is hard. Calcium and magnesium salts of sulfate, nitrates and chloride are very soluble and are therefore a relatively stable component of water hardness. The amounts in which these salts are presented are called the permanent hardness, which is part of the general hardness. The parts that consist of salts that have a low solubility and are therefore an unstable component of the GH. This unstable part is called the carbonate hardness or KH, Since the salts involved are carbonates of magnesium and calcium The test kit that is used uses a system of drops in coordination with a color chart. You are to count the number of drops put into the 8 cm of water until the water turns into the color on the char t. Then you are to compare the number of drops added to another chart that shows how hard the water is. NitritesAmmonia in water naturally occurs as the result of waist from fish. When dissolved in water it can turn the water toxic. Like ammonia, Nitrites can deem water undrinkable. Nitrites are chemicals that can be dumped or seep into the water. Nitrites are found in things like fertilizers and is a chemical used to package meat. It is important to monitor Nitrites because it has shown in tests that it can cause cancer. The Nitrites on my on the color chart measured from 0 to 1 p.p.m (parts per million). .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 , .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .postImageUrl , .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 , .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59:hover , .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59:visited , .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59:active { border:0!important; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59:active , .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59 .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u51afb67863b9f4637a9489ddc7509d59:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Camus the outsider vs. bolts a EssayAmmoniaI originally did check for ammonia levels because ammonia is toxic to people in high levels. Ammonia is the result of the decomposition of waist products such as animals. When testing I found that the levels for the ammonia were so low that I could not tell if the test was working or not because I saw not visual results. IronIron is a mineral that is found in water all around the world. This iron could be present from mineral run off or from pollution. I deemed this not important because this did not turn out to be a prime factor in the research of water quality. What this fact means is that a lot of iron or a low level of iron do es not effect water quality in quality standards. Some people prefer that there is a lot of iron and some like low levels and to some it does not matter. Procedure: First, choose random tests sites in each of the cities selected (Wellesley, Natick, Weston, and Needam) to obtain water samples. Make sure that you mark the area that you selected because you will continue to go to these sites for the remainder of the project. These will be your test sites for every town. Second, make sure before the collection of the water that you let the water run in the sink for at least 1 minute on cold. This prevents the collection of anything that has been sitting in the pipes of the building and that might contaminate your samples. The collection of two cups should be a sufficient to apply each test twice with enough water left over to run the tests a third time. After the water has collected the water from each test site, run the pH, water harnesses, nitrite, .Before you run the tests read the i nstructions that have come with the Fresh water test kit. Make sure that the appropriate amount of water and chemical are mixed together. If too much or not enough chemical and or water are used then the results will not come out correctly. Run each test twice to make sure your results were clear and there were no mistakes when testing the water. If each test comes out differently, then test a third time and whichever test comes out most like the third test should be the result you record. Remember not to wait more than a day after you collect the water because pH levels tend to change when they stay settled for awhile. With this project, distilled water is used as the control. You are able to buy distilled water at any grocery store. After I obtained a clear result with the test, make a test chart to record your results. Third, you will be conducting the tests every two weeks so that you can see if the test variable of the water fluctuate during the three month testing period. Last, you will rate each towns water quality using the test results for each town. Judging water is all in perspective. What I mean by this are that different people like types of water. Some like there water soft and some hard, some want things as fluoride and iron in the water and some do not. What you will do to determine the best water quality is that, you will compare your results from each town to the distilled water. The closer the sample is to the quality of the distilled water the higher marking it will get on the chart. The town that has the highest in quality should be the town that’s samples that are closest to the distilled water samples. Science Essays

The Bear by William Falkner free essay sample

An in-depth examination of this American writers work and the suggestion that it represents true romantic American fiction. In this paper the author closely examines Falkners, The Bear. He suggests that it exhibits such values as the importance of nature in an individuals proving of him or herself and the importance of individual self-realization. The author contends that the book has a characteristic narrative style of a sparse and colloquial tone, meant to convey a reality of thought and expression, and consequently is the progeny of all the previous authors in the American Romantic tradition. From the paper: How could a story about a bear be a romantic tale, a reader might be tempted to ask upon hearing William Faulkners short story The Bear characterized as a work of classic American Romantic fiction. Perhaps it is, a kind of romance between a boy and the woods, between man and nature in mans determination to prove himself both worthy of the natural world, part of the natural world, and also master of it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bear by William Falkner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page