Dehydration of Alcohols free essay sample

The lack of hydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene should be possible through fragmentary refining. When the part has been gathered it should then be dried. The dried distillate is at last tried to decide if it has been dried out. The three tests utilized were infrared spectroscopy, Bromine concoction test and Bayer’s compound test. The infrared spectroscopy indicated an enormous limited top at 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1) which shows that there is a twofold bond present. To guarantee the outcomes were right the synthetic tests were finished. The Bromine test was seen as positive for cyclohexene. The OH bunch was expelled from the cyclohexanol and supplanted with a twofold bond found around 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1) and the lack of hydration was effective. Presentation Fractional refining can be utilized when attempting to get dried out alcohols. Getting dried out a liquor comprises of removing an OH gathering. Fragmentary refining isolates the underlying compound into independent mixes; contingent upon what their breaking point is. We will compose a custom article test on Parchedness of Alcohols or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Cyclohexanol can be got dried out to frame cyclohexene. Infrared spectroscopy is utilized to investigate a compound and can give a breakdown of what synthetic concoctions the first blend is made out of. A case of this is the long wide top around 3200 (cm-1) which connotes an OH bunch in the compound. This method is exceptionally valuable to help figure out what a compound is made of and it can likewise be utilized with NMR to give a concoction structure. Since infrared spectroscopy can be utilized to dissect a compound it can likewise be utilized to confirm that you have the right compound. Another approach to do this is to utilize a substance test. There are various synthetic tests that can be utilized, one of them being the bromine test. A bromine test is utilized to confirm whether an OH bunch is available or not. Another test is utilized with KMNO4 to test whether and alkene is available or not. Utilizing both compound tests and infrared spectroscopy to break down the substance it will be clear if fragmentary refining and the drying operator had the option to cooperate during the time spent getting dried out the liquor. Materials and Methods For this test, 5. 0-mL of cyclohexanol were gauged and put in a 25-mL recuperation jar. An attractive mix bar was added to the cup. 2. 5-mL of 9 M sulfuric corrosive was added to a similar jar and blend was whirled. The partial refining contraption was set up with steel fleece in the section. A 10-mL getting cup was put in an ice-water shower. Partial refining was begun making a point to keep up the head temperature somewhere in the range of 80 and 85Â °C, ensuring it didn't go over 90Â °C. Warming was halted once the blend turned dim earthy colored and a dark green condensate framed. Distillate was then gathered and moved to a 25-mL Erlenmeyer cup. Anhydrous potassium carbonate was added with a spatula to the 25-mL Erlenmeyer carafe. Cup was twirled incidentally for around 15 min while including progressively anhydrous potassium carbonate until fluid not, at this point looked overcast. The blend left that was not refined was killed by adding bicarbonate to the arrangement, gradually, until froth quits shaping. Dried fluid was then moved with a Pasteur pipet into a 10-mL recuperation jar containing a mix bar for basic refining. Another 10-mL recuperation cup was utilized as the recipient and a calcium chloride drying tube was associated with a vacuum connector. The more unadulterated compound was gathered by keeping up heat from 80 to 85Â °C, ensuring it didn't go over 90Â °C. Distillate was gauged and percent yield of cyclohexene was resolved. An infrared spectroscopy was run on the distillate by taking a drop of distillate and placing it in the middle of two salt plates. Shut the salt plates with metal holders and afterward put it into the infrared spectroscopy machine. Initial an infrared spectroscopy was run on the cyclohexanol. At that point an infrared spectroscopy was run on the cyclohexene. The Bromine substance test was controlled by adding 2 drops of distillate to a test tube. . 1 M of bromine in dichloromethane was added to a similar test tube. At that point included drops of dichloromethane until shading showed up if shading vanished the test would have been certain. In the event that the shading didn't disappear the test would have been negative. At last a Bayer test was controlled by including 2-mL of 95% ethanol to a test tube. Two drops of distillate were added to the test tube. At that point KMnO4 was included drop savvy until shading continued.

Youth Groups As A Discourse Community Essay Example For Students

Youth Groups As A Discourse Community Essay Youth Groups as a talk network The main individuals who go to youth bunches are the ideal children who do nothing incorrectly, go to chapel consistently, talk about God and about what is happening in their lives. This was my hypothesis before going to Pinion Hills Community Church in Farmington, New Mexico. Numerous individuals accept this to be a generalization yet my theory is that it is definitely not reality. Pinion Hills is a non-denominational church with an adolescent gathering that happens on Saturdays at five thirty toward the evening and afterward again on Sundays at nine thirty in the first part of the day. I decided to go to the Saturday youth bunch with my flat mate who has gone to the young gathering for barely a year now. Christianity started more than 2000 years prior with Jesus Christ and his supporters. We will compose a custom article on Youth Groups As A Discourse Community explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Jesus would go around the village’s lecturing religion and showing individuals the desire of God. Jesus would in the long beyond words the transgressions of man yet after three days he would be restored and offer want to the world. Jesus got known as the Messiah for the Christian religion just as the educator of God. Individuals today keep on recounting to his accounts and love him still right up 'til the present time. There are different ways that individuals meet up to love and recognition God. One way would be the getting together of youth bunches since it permits the young to find out about God in a progressively present day and fun way. Strategies There are a wide range of ways that I approached gathering my data and information on youth gatherings. Interviews†¦

How to Get Perfect College Essays

How to Get Perfect College EssaysWhen you're starting to look for perfect college essays, there are a few things that you'll want to keep in mind. This will allow you to get the best essay that will help you get into college. These are a few tips to keep in mind when looking for great essays to complete for your college application.First of all, you need to realize that you should actually be allowed to write your own paper. The higher level colleges and universities are very strict about this. They expect you to come up with something on your own and submit it to them. If you were able to do this, you should be able to use your personal experience to write your essay and make it better than if you didn't.What I like to recommend to you is to take a class where you can take college essay writing and you can take an essay writing class where you can use your own high school essays as your examples. This will allow you to get better at writing and make a better essay. It is also a grea t way to see what is expected of you. You'll be able to start to get into college with better skills.Another thing you'll want to remember is to really use good research. The higher level universities are going to demand research and you will want to do your research well. When writing your essay, make sure that you use real research and not just your own opinions and theories. Use real facts that you read somewhere.Your essay should be organized. You should start by writing down the main ideas of your essay and then go through each section to put your ideas in the right order. You should always summarize what you are saying in your summary paragraph. Your summary paragraph should be as brief as possible but as long as necessary to let people know why they should take your opinion seriously.Your essay shouldn't be too long. The best essays are short and concise. It is okay to have a little more information than needed in your essay but do not include too much information. Just make sure that the thesis statement you are writing is complete.Make sure that you always use proper grammar and spelling. If you make a mistake in any of these things, you won't get your essay published. Do some research and see what the standard for the college you're applying to is.Once you have a good final draft, you can revise it a little more. Then you can submit it to a few different schools and see what gets accepted. Remember, good research skills are what make a good essay.

The Butcher Shop Essay - 1001 Words

Around noon on Thursday, my roommate and I walked drearily to the local slaughterhouse, or abattoir, where we would see a pig slaughter. The building we arrived at looked eerie on the school’s campus. The abattoir stood alone, next to the bullpen and at the end of a dirt road. We walked in and a female student greeted us and told us to put on an apron, a hairnet, and a hardhat. The room smelled of warm blood. There were five people in yellow aprons and white hardhats amiably working together butchering a pig, which was currently hanging by its feet, bleeding from its neck. I felt disappointed when I realized we were late, and had missed the pig’s death. I felt my stomach jump into my throat as my visual and nasal senses†¦show more content†¦He remarked, â€Å"As with all things at the university, you have to be flexible.† I chuckled, the uneasy feelings melted away, and my stomach returned to its regular position. Once its toes were off, the pi g was hung by its feet in the middle of the room in order to be further scraped. The skinning gets rid of the hair and the upper layer of dead skin. It calmed me to listen to the head butcher talk about the process and even make a few jokes. An assistant to the foreman handed me a large plastic bag and a piece of string, and then walked towards the doorway, where they brought in another pig. I was happy to see another, because I had missed the initial process of killing the pig. The pig could smell the blood of its own species, and began to scream scarily loud, echoing off the walls of the old building. The FDA inspector informed me that newer butchering facilities use an air circulation system in order to prevent that exact problem. The pig started squirming and trying to fight the impending doom . The first attempted shock gun didn’t make the pig unconscious, so a man grabbed another shock bolt gun to hit the skull and render the pig unconscious. The screaming ended with a disquieting silence. They then hung the pig by its feet and cut the pig’s jugular open. Blood began to spew out of its neck, splattering on theShow MoreRelatedFarmers Of Cattle Farm1665 Words   |  7 Pagestechnica lly employed through the government it costs the butcher to have them there. For larger facilities that do more USDA processing they can be assigned a full time inspector like Boones butcher shop. For smaller facilities like CW Meats they have to plan to do all the USDA when an inspector is at the facility, which would explain why the fee to process according to USDA regulation is 15 cents more per pound at that facility. When interviewing butchers within the study area it was a consensus that havingRead MoreWhen I First Arrived At Robertson Electrical And Mechanical1033 Words   |  5 PagesBuren, Arkansas, I met with Mr. Butcher and we sat in his office. Mr. Butcher and I began discussing sales, past experiences, and my future in the business world. He explained his history as a salesman, and his experiences with his previous company. Mr. Butcher explained the different types of sales, such as customer centric, and product centric. Having learned the difference in economic buyer s and relationship buyers, this concept made a lot of sense. Mr. Butcher explained the importance of havingRead MoreBlance Varelas Writing Style993 Words   |  4 Pagesmay be however, yet edges the reader on to find out the secret. The reader is befuddled with more questions by the end of the first stanza. The narrator of this stanza is recalling a dream that she has had about a skinned dog in the darkness of a butcher shop. A lot seems unclear because at this point the narrator herself is confused and wondering where she is. Her voice and questions seems to be unheard at first and silenced by the darkness that engulfs her. Blanca Varela is known for using an innocentRead MoreLuggers vs. Butchers1208 Words   |  5 PagesVersus The Butchers Background Food Merchandising Corporation has a warehouse located in a small city in New Jersey. The warehouse stocks certain types of meats and then ships them to various stores. Trucks or freight cars are used to transport the meats. The warehouse has two separate groups to process the beef, one being the warehouse men, also known as the luggers, which transport the beef within the warehouse to freezers to await the butchering process, which is handled by the butchers. It is importantRead MoreFerraro s Market : A Local Italian Market924 Words   |  4 PagesMohawk Market on State Street in 1953, I think that was.† The business remains in the same neighborhood with their reputation, â€Å"The Meat King, where quality costs less† as indicated in the shopping bags. As a customer shared, â€Å"its tradition to come and shop here, just never come around the first of the month†. Across the street from the market, is a low income housing complex. In the same parking lot of Ferraro’s, is a Liquor Store. The market’s front entrance faces the parking lot with beams separatedRead MoreEssay about History of Garde Manager948 Words   |  4 PagesThe position of butcher first developed as a specialty within the garde manger kitchen. As both the cost of and demand for animals for food increased, more space was required for the fabricating and portioning the raw proteins. This need for space was due not only to an upswing in the number of protein sales, but also to the need for separating raw proteins from processed foods to avoid cross-contamination and the resulting possibility of food borne illness. Special butcher shops were created whereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Glass Of The Glass1364 Words   |  6 Pageswith much to teach adults. The novella, â€Å"Zooey,† begins with the youngest male of the Glass family reading a letter that was written to him by Buddy, his elder brother. Buddy tells Zooey of a chance encounter that he had with a little girl at the butcher shop. In his conversation with the girl, Buddy discovers she has two boyfriends. He asks her for their names, to which she replies, â€Å"Bobby and Dorothy† (64). Her reply is what motivates Buddy to write his letter to Zooey. He reminds his younger brotherRead MoreThe Integration Of Italians Into American Culture1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe viewer can tell generational differences from Marty’s mother, Teresa, and his Aunt Catherine views on different topics and how Marty and his younger friends interact with the world. When Marty is slicing meat for the female customers at the butcher shop, we can notice both of their Italian accents quick clearly. From the first time that Teresa and Aunt Catherine are introduced, we can hear their prominent Italian accent. When the viewer hears Marty, Angie, and Timmy speak, their accent is notRead MoreA Case Study of Wegmans Food Markets1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbakes its own bread, rolls, cakes, pies, and pastries), and extra-large produce sections. They also offer film processing a complete pharmacy, a card shop and video rentals. In-store floral shops range in size up to 800 square feet of space, and offer a wide variety of fresh-cut flowers, flower arrangements, varies and plants. In-store card shops covers over 1000 square feet of floor of floor space. The bulk foods department provides customers with the opportunity to select what quantities theyRead MoreP4 Use Marketing Research for Marketing Planning) Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pageswant the shop to be open longer -65% said the staff was unfriendly -50% said the contents of the sandwiches could be fresher -80% said they would prefer more wraps SWOT Analysis Strengths - Because Mr. Khan has carried out the market research on his competitors his can adjust his own store make sure it meets the requirements that the customers need such as making sure his staff are friendly and help when serving customers. Weaknesses -The weaknesses of Mr. Khan’s sandwich shop is that

The Supernatural in Shakespeares Richard III Essay example

The Supernatural in Shakespeares Richard III Casting a darkly mythical aura around Richard III, supernatural elements are intrinsic to this Shakespearean history play. The prophetic dreams of Clarence and Stanley blur the line between dream and reality, serving to foreshadow impending doom. The ghosts that appear before Richard III and Richmond before their battle create an atmosphere of dread and suspense, and they also herald Richards destiny. The curses of three female royalties are fulfilled at the end, serving as reminders that the divine powers are stronger than Richards malice. Together, the supernatural elements of dreams, ghosts, and curses unify the plot of Richard III and allow the divine to triumph over evil. Dreams†¦show more content†¦Clarence dreams of the torments he must face from the spirits in the netherworld because he has killed Edward, and this foreshadows the appearance of the ghosts in Richard?s dream before his battle against Richmond. Stanley?s dream, too, reveals Richard?s murderous streak. In Act III scene iv, Stanley dreams that Hastings is being gored by a boar, Richard?s heraldic symbol. Soon after, this dream merges into reality as Richard orders Hasting?s execution. Cursed by Margaret as an ?elvish-marked abortive, rooting hog? (I, iii. 225), Richard is seen as a deformed and dangerous changeling. The boar in Stanley?s dream reinforces this image of Richard, and it reinstates Richard?s aggressive and violent tendencies. Although Hastings is involved in Stanley?s dream, he does not dream, but curses Richard by saying to his executioners: ?Come lead me to the block; bear [Richard] my head./They smile at me, who shortly shall be dead? (III, v. 106-107). This reality follow-up to Stanley?s dream foreshadows Richard?s imminent death due to his ruthless killings. Beginning with Anne?s declaration of Richard as the ?devil? that no mortals can endure (I, ii. 45-46), the motif of ghosts and demons continues to weave its way into Richard III as Richard is continually associated with hellhounds and with the shape-shifting Proteus, and as the two young princes Edward and Richard discuss the ghosts of their dead uncles. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Effectiveness of William Shakespeares Use of Supernatural in the Final Act of Richard III948 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Use of Supernatural in the Final Act of Richard III Richard III was written by William Shakespeare and tells the story of how Richard III wants to become king and does everything in his power to get there by assassinating members of his family to do so, for example, the Duke of Clarence, Lord Hastings, Lady Anne, Lord Rivers, the Duke of Buckingham, Henry VI, Prince Edward, Prince Edward V and Prince Richard. The last Act contains many supernatural elementsRead MoreShakespeare: Magic and Supernatural Occurances Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesMagic and supernatural occurrences in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Richard III, and The Tempest are used to create a surreal world to confuse and resolve conflicts in each play. Magic provides the audience with an escape from reality and the comfort of the play’s unrealistic nature. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, a love potion from a magical flower is used and misused to provide comic relief and resolution to love’s difficulties, supernatural ghosts are used to condemn a horrific murdererRead More The Supernatural in Shakespeares Works Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Supernatural in Shakespeares Works No one questions the fact that William Shakespeare is a pure genius when it comes to creating immortal characters whose characteristics transcends those of the normal supernatural beings, but most students of literature agree that his uses of the supernatural aren’t merely figments of his creative imagination. Every man, woman, and child is influenced by the age into which they are born and Shakespeare was no exception. Not only does his use of supernaturalRead MoreThe Contribution of the Supernatural to Richard III Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Contribution of the Supernatural to Richard III During the Renaissance period people were very superstitious and England on a whole was an extremely religious country; people believed in both God and the Devil and Heaven and Hell. They also believed in prophecies, supernatural and curses. A modern audience would have reacted very differently to the play than a Shakespearean audience. The events contained within Richard III must have seemed very real to a ShakespeareanRead MoreRichard IIi As A Historic Play1730 Words   |  7 PagesRichard III is literarily known as a historic play. This play portrays historical events, such as when the play opens, Edward IV has become re-crowned. This play represents 14 years of events which is condensed into about 14 days. There are ultimately elements of tragedy and comedy throughout this play and many of which these elements seem unusual to this documented event in history. The first factor that is revealed that makes this play not entirely a historic retelling is that Shakespeare makesRead MoreShakespeare and Supernatural Elements1772 Words   |  8 Pagesgenius when it comes to creating immortal characters whose characteristics transcends those of the normal supernatural beings, but most students of literature agree that his uses of the supernatural arent merely figments of his creative imagination. Every man, woman, and child is influenced by the age into which they are born and Shakespeare was no exception. Not only does his use of supernatural elements within his works reveal the Elizabethans obsession with mythical beliefs, but it also revealsRead MoreHamlet and Macbeth by William Shakespeare810 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth, and Richard III. The length of each play can alter the feeling of being apart of the play for the reader. By far Hamlet has the greatest length of the three, followed by Richard III and then by Macbeth. Despite all three plays being enjoyable to read, the mere length difference of Hamlet or Macbeth or Richard III makes for a more enjoyable and relatable read. Hamlet as a whole is easier to relate to because we get to know and follow Hamlet much longer than Macbeth or Richard III.Not sayingRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1682 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we are first introduced to Macbeth in William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth he is illustrated as a loyal warrior hero to Scotland. Macbeth’s recognition on the battlefield helps gain him great honor from King Duncan who later announces him as Thane of Cawdor. However, throughout the play the audience is able to discover his human flaws. Ironically, his first characteristic of being a mighty powerful man actually changes to be a we ak man who gets stepped all over on. Through his soliloquies forRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeares Richard IIi 1865 Words   |  8 PagesThe Roles of Women in Richard III Shakespeare’s plays often share some of the same themes: greed, guilt, good and evil, unrequited or forbidden love. Perhaps the most overlooked theme is the plight of women in the time of Shakespeare. In a notoriously patriarchal part of history, the role of women was taboo subject matter; however, Shakespeare had no qualms about commenting on the female condition in his works. In his play Richard III, Shakespeare very clearly details the ways in which women sufferRead MoreEssay on The Power of Women in Richard III1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Women in Richard III In Shakespeares The Tragedy of King Richard the Third, the historical context of the play is dominated by male figures. As a result, women are relegated to an inferior role. However, they achieve verbal power through their own discourse of religion and superstition. In the opening speech of Act 1, Scene 2, Lines 1-30 Lady Anne orients the reader to the crucial political context of the play and the metaphysical issues contained within it (Greenblatt, 509)

International Management - 1879 Words

International Management Skills: The Importance of Understanding Cultural Differences 02 May 2012 by Diana Vanbrabant Awards amp; Events, Career Cultural differences and different languages can be challenging when leading a team remotely. Whether your team is based over different continents or all over the world, your communication skills will help you to keep your people motivated at all times. As a manager of a multi-cultural and international team of people your understanding of their culture, their clients and the way of doing business in their part of the world is your key to success. You may have come across lost in translation situations where you have lost business, and you want to kick yourself because you didnt do your†¦show more content†¦The other Director seems alert and inquisitive. He interrupts you several times to ask pertinent questions, makes notes, and comes back to things you said earlier. He asks the opinion of other members of the team, getting them engaged and using them as a sounding-board for his ideas and comments. Clearly, you think, we have one Director who is practically on board, and one whose interest has not even been aroused. â€Å"Any questions?† you ask at the end of your presentation. The lively Director replies immediately, â€Å"You’ve given a great presentation, with a lot of information. There’s no need for questions; I have all I need in order to go away and think about it.† Then the quiet Director speaks: â€Å"I have only one question. How soon can we start the project?† All top-level executives are good decision-makers; they would not be at the top if they were not. But not all executives will make decisions in the same way. Mr Lively’s background and culture have produced someone who makes decisions by verbalising, questioning, listening to his own ideas, and bouncing ideas off his colleagues. Mrs Quiet comes from a culture where decision-making is internalised and the spoken word is used sparingly and chosen carefully. There is no â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† in different cultural behaviours such as this; there is no â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† about different ways of assimilating information and taking action. For you as a successful manager, the essential thing isShow MoreRelatedInternational Management4838 Words   |  20 Pagesdifferences between international, global, and multidomestic companies? Multinational company : An organization with multi country affiliates, each of which formulates its own business strategy based on perceived market differences. Global company : An organization that attempts to standardize and integrate operations worldwide in all functional areas. International company : Either a global or a multi domestic company Q2. Give examples to show how an international business manager mightRead MoreInternational Management2930 Words   |  12 Pagesbusinesses to succeed, cultural diversity has to be taken into consideration when formulating business plans and strategies. Managers have also had to develop cross-cultural management skills, which are necessary to be able to manage employees and interact with clients of different cultural backgrounds (Saee 2005). â€Å"Cross-cultural management relies on understanding the cultural behavior and differences of people working in organizations that operate internationally and making them perform with him or herRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreInternational finance management7674 Words   |  31 PagesChapter 1 Multinational Financial Management An Overview Lecture Outline Managing the MNC Facing Agency Problems Management Structure of an MNC Why Fimrs Pursue International Business Theory of Comparative Advantage Imperfect Markets Theory Product Cycle Theory How Firms Engage in International Business International Trade Licensing Franchising Joint Ventures Acquisitions of Existing Operations Establishing New Foreign Subsidiaries Summary of Methods Valuation Model for an MNC DomesticRead MoreThe Challenges Of International Management1195 Words   |  5 PagesInternational management is defined as t he practice of business operations in multiple countries. To be involved in international management professionals must be familiar with many different types of language, culture, economies, and environments. One of the main goals of international management is to link businesses globally and make a profit, while being able to connect various cultures. There are many challenges brought about in the field of international management. One of the biggest challengesRead MoreChallenges of International Business Management1037 Words   |  5 PagesCHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT What are the challenges of International Business Management? International business management is a term that is used collectively to describe all commercial transactions which include; †¢ Private †¢ Governmental †¢ Sales †¢ Investments †¢ Transportation The above take place between two or more nations. It involves all business activities which partake in cross border activities of goods, services and resources between nations. PrivateRead MoreThe Management Failure Of Tyco International Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe Management Failure of Tyco International Tyco International was founded by Edward Breen in 1960 (Wikipedia, 2007). According to Wikipedia, (2007), Tyco International’s operational headquarters is located in Princeton, New Jersey, and employs 247,900 employees. Dennis Kozlowski became the CEO in 1992, leading with aggressiveness acquiring several other companies into the organization (Wikipedia, 2007). In 1999, after a stock split, rumors began to spread about Tyco’s accounting habitsRead MoreInternational Food and Beverage Management847 Words   |  4 Pages J. Chase, R. B. (1999). Fundamentals of operations management, 4th ed. McGraw -- Hill, New York, NY. Dawson, M., Madera, J. M., Neal, J. A. (2011). Managing bilingual employees: Communication strategies for hospitality managers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 3(4), 319-334. Doi: 10.1108/17554211111162444 Dent, J. (1996). â€Å"Global competition: Challenges for management accounting and control†. Management Accounting Research, 7, 247-269. Di Tommaso, M. R. andRead MoreEssay on Globalization and International Management1582 Words   |  7 Pagespressure of globalisation. Content First of all, the general environment is different in the world stage for each country. The concept of general environment also known as external environment is composed by several elements, that is, international, legal-political, economic, social cultural and technological factors which would have the indirect effects on the organisations (Samson and Daft, 2005). The perfect example will be analysed is, Vogue, the leading fashion magazine for many yearsRead MoreInternational Strategic Management7595 Words   |  31 PagesCHAPTER 11 International Strategic Management After studying this chapter, students should be able to: Characterize the challenges of international strategic management. Assess the basic strategic alternatives available to firms. Distinguish and analyze the components of international strategy. Describe the international strategic management process. Identify and characterize the levels of international strategies

Nassar v Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Nassar v Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd . Answer: Introduction The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) is the main legislation which is applicable for the companies in Australia. Through Part 2D.1 of this act, the directors and the officers of the companies have been given certain duties, which have to be fulfilled as a statutory requirement (Latimer, 2012). Apart from this, the commonlaw also imposes certain duties on the directors, which have to be adhered to in a strict manner. The reason for this is that a breach of director duties results in pecuniary penalties, disqualification orders and even attracts criminal liabilities (Cassidy, 2006). Nassar v Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd (2009) NSWSC 342 was one of the cases where the court concurred that there was the need for mutual cooperation and a particular trust level for running the day to day management of the company in a smooth manner. The court in this stated that the winding up of the company, based on the present circumstances, was merely a remedy to the situation which was present, where the working relationship required trust, confidence and mutual co-operation and these were broken down (Chamberlains, 2017). The following parts analyses this case, particularly in terms of the duties and responsibilities which were contravened. Nassar v Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd (2009) In this case, the proceedings were related to the activities carried on by the individuals regarding the three companies that had been created and owned by them, i.e., the Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd, herein referred to as IPG, the IP Group Pty Ltd, herein referred to as Group, and the DGN Investments Pty Ltd, herein referred to as DGN, and these three were the defendants of this case, along with the others. In the first company, the shares were held by Marfern Pty Ltd and by the two companies respectively held by Grass and Oliveira. In the latter two companies, Nassar, Grasso and Oliveira were the only directors (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2009a). The allegations which were made in this case were related to thlawe affairs of the company not been conducted in a proper manner as they were contrary to the members interests as a whole, owing to the conduct being unfairly prejudicial or oppressive or unfairly discriminatory particularly against the plaintiffs of this case (McInerney, 2015). Nassar and Marfern made the claim against the two companies in which they were shareholders and Nassar alone made a claim for the company in which Marfern was not a member. The key relief which the plaintiff sought was the three companies to purchase the shares of the plaintiff and the alternative claim was for the company to be wound up (Jade, 2009). Duties/ Responsibilities breached The directors of each and every company owe certain duties towards the shareholders of the companies. This is in particular reference to protection of the minority shareholders, owing to the far reaching remedies which are given to the oppressed minority shareholders (Paolini, 2014). The directors have the duty under section 181 whereby the directors and the key officers of the company have to use their powers and fulfil their obligations for the proper purpose, in good faith and in the best interest of the company (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The breach of this section attracts civil penalties under section 1317E of this act (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Derived from this duty is the duty of the directors towards the interests of all the shareholders. The duty towards minority shareholders of the company is enhanced because the minority shareholders do not have the ability of influencing the affairs of the company. Hence, it is important for the directors to act fairly for these shareholders and make it their duty to ensure that the decisions taken by them promote the interest of all the shareholders and the company. In case the directors fail to do so, they not only breach their statutory duties, but also have the risk of being engaged in oppressive conduct, where section 232 and 233 apply (Easton, 2013). The basis of the claim was the oppressive conduct of the management of the company and so, the section 232 and 233 were applied. The statutory jurisdiction which is created under these sections provides a way through which the legal rights can be looked beyond by the court and such action is undertaken which is equitable and just. The partnership between Oliveira and Grasso was a key part which led to the oppression in this case. Though, this claim of the plaintiff could not stand. In order to hold Oliveira and Grasso liable, it was shown before the court that they had failed in taking the requisite steps, which was required on by being the directors of the company. They failed to avoid the conduct which was unfairly discriminatory, unfairly prejudicial or oppressive conduct, which was a mechanistic and simple approach (Jade, 2009). For avoiding these charges, the member on whom the expectation of facilitating the adherence of fair terms has been placed are not required to make immediate detailed offers which are construed in isolation from negotiation and discussion, which could fulfil the criteria of fairness led by lord Hoffmann. It was stated by the court that Nassar had the right to expect a reasonable approach towards a negotiated exist. However, Nassar deliberately chose not to negotiate on reasonable terms of withdrawal. This did not deny the fact that the management was indulged in oppressive conduct. So, not only were there shortcomings in the conduct of the plaintiff also, there was an absence of oppressive conduct in the view of the court after they considered the events which took place in formation of the three companies in which the common directors were present, and the events which took place in late 20007, 2008 and 2009 (Jade, 2009). And yet the directors failed in their directors duties as the court held that the winding up of the company was a just and equitable thing to do, owing to the application made by Nassar pursuant to section 461(I). The directors not only owe a duty of care to the shareholders, but also towards each other. They have a duty to work mutually and with a level of trust towards each other. The breach of this very duty on part of the directors led to the court making a winding up order (Jade, 2009). Decision of Court The court in this case had held that in this case, there had been no breach of section 232 and section 233 which relates to oppressive conduct on part of the management (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2009b). The provisions of section 232 provides that in case the management of the company indulges in unfairly discriminatory, prejudicial or oppressive conduct, then pursuant to section 233, the court can pass an order to ask for the purchase of shares of the minority shareholder, to windup the company, to ask a director to do something or to refrain from doing something and the like (ICNL, 2017). However, for this, section 232 has to be fulfilled. However, the claims of plaintiff fell short on proving this. Had this been successful, the Oliveira and Grasso would have been ordered pursuant to section 233 to purchase the shares of Nassar. As the plaintiff failed in showing that the conduct was oppressive, there was no possibility of the court making an order under section 233 (Jade, 2009). The court in this accepted that by forming their companies, the three participants of this case had the entitlement and the expectation to participate in the daily management of the company. In the views of the court, these three were in such a position owing to the nature and the informality which attended the daily relationships, where there was a need for them to have a level of trust and mutual co-operation. The submission which was made by the three individuals, i.e., between Nassar, Grasso and Oliveira, in this case that they were partners was not accepted by the court. However, there relationship was such where there was a need of certain level of trust and mutual co-operation. The court also stated that they came to be associated together in a form which can be only deemed as quasi-partnership (BRI Ferrier, 2015). However, in this case, the parties had differences which could not be reconciled and due to these reasons, they did not participate in the daily activities of the company, requiring the quasi partnership to end. Considering it as a just and equitable thing to do, the court thus made a winding up order in this case and accepted that winding up, was the typical remedy which could be applied in the situation which was present, in which a working relationship which required trust, confidence and mutual co-operation was shattered. In order to come to the conclusion regarding the exclusion from the daily management of Nassar, the court referred to the breach of understanding regarding the participation of Nassar in the management. The participation had continued till it was abruptly ended in Nov 2007. And in the days to follow, Nassar stopped being active in the management of the company. And this is one of the reasons why Nassar failed to indulge in talks with Grasso and Oliveira, where t he matter could have been resolved with ease (Jade, 2009). As the counsel of both Grasso and Oliveira accepted that this was a classic case for a winding up order to be made on the grounds of the irretrievable breakdown in the relationship which was present between the members, the making up of a winding up order was deemed as a justified thing to do. For coming to this decision, a reference was made to Accurate Financial Consultants Pty Ltd v Koko Black Pty Ltd [2008] VSCA 86; (2008) 66 ACSR 325, where it was stated that winding up is a remedy for such cases where the trust, confidence and mutual co-operation breaks down. This is because equity is not an ordinary order for continuing with the association where the same is futility, and would need a constant supervision; further it would require specific enforcement of personal services. The court, after analysing the case, thus passed an order for the IPG and DGN to be wound up and appointed liquidators for both the companies (Jade, 2009). Impact of Decision This case acts as a key guidance for all the companies in the nation as it presents to them the case where a claim of oppression and mismanagement would fail. This case also clarifies that in such cases where there is a deadlock in the management and there is a breakdown in the corporate relations, the winding up of the company is deemed as a just and equitable thing to do. This power has been aptly given the courts pursuant to section 461(1)(k) of this act (WIPO, 2015). Hence, instead of making a claim of oppressive conduct, or any other matter, the shareholders of the companies could opt for this section and save both time and efforts of the court. Conclusion The case of Nassar v Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd highlights the complexities which the companies have to face and the manner in which the company can be wound up, when it is deemed as a just and equitable thing to do, even absence of oppressive conduct of the management. This case highlighted the failure on part of Nassar in showing that there had been an incident of oppressive, unfairly prejudicial or unfairly discriminatory conduct, merely because of a deadlock between the management of the company. The directors of the companies not only owe a duty of care towards the shareholders but also towards each other. However, this is not a statutory duty and a commonlaw duty. The only statutory duty which could be applied in this case was the duty of best interest. As the directors failed to come together and work for the company, this duty could be deemed to have been contravened. However, the decision which was made in this case was related to the winding up of the company as th is was deemed as a just and equitable thing to do. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2009a) Nassar v Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 342 (1 May 2009). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2009/342.html?context=1;query=Nassar%20v%20Innovative%20Precasters%20Group%20Pty%20Ltd [Accessed on: 07/09/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2009b) Nassar v Innovative Precasters Group Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 513 (10 June 2009). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/nsw/NSWSC/2009/513.html?context=1;query=Nassar%20v%20Innovative%20Precasters%20Group%20Pty%20Ltd [Accessed on: 07/09/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. 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